Abstract: A method for estimating a status of a system includes performing independent measurements on the system, associating a value P(?) with a Monte Carlo calculated probability measure P(?), which depends on (1) a preset threshold Nu of unfavorable events, and (2) a total number Ñtot(?) of the independent measurements for collecting the preset threshold Nu, setting a threshold level ? requiring that a critical value ?c of a power related metric ? makes a value P(?c) of the probability measure P to be substantially equal to the threshold level ?, comparing the total number Ñtot(?) to a ratio of (1) a product of a control parameter ? the preset threshold Nu, and (2) the threshold level ?, and interrupting the independent measurements if Ñtot(?) is larger than the ratio, or increasing an output of the system if Ñtot(?) is smaller than or equal to the ratio.

Abstract: An aerosol detection system for detecting airborne organic matter, the detection system including a corridor extending along a longitudinal axis and having first and second ends; an access gate connected to the first end of the corridor and configured to control access of an individual to the corridor; a person detection system located in the corridor and configured to determine the presence of the individual inside the corridor; and a testing set configured to generate an air puff, which directs an exhaled breath of the individual for determining a presence of the airborne organic matter. The corridor has a width wc that allows movement of a single individual past the testing set.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first communication gateway arranged proximate to a surface of a body of water and an underwater communication gateway. The underwater communication gateway is configured to receive data from a first underwater communication device using radio frequencies and the ethernet data link layer protocol, to convert the data received from the first underwater communication device from the ethernet data link layer protocol to the second data link layer protocol, and to transmit, using optical radiation and the second data link layer protocol, the data converted by the underwater communication gateway to the first communication gateway. The first communication gateway is configured to convert the data transmitted by the underwater communication gateway from the second data link layer protocol to the ethernet data link layer protocol, and to transmit, using the ethernet data link layer protocol, the data converted by the first communication device to a further communication device.

Abstract: A compounded light-focusing optical element is configured to focus light, and the compounded light-focusing optical element includes a body having a first, flat, end face and a second, curved end face, the second, curved end face being opposite to the first, flat end face, and plural optical fibers extending through the body, from the first, flat end face to the second, curved end face. The plural optical fibers are fused to each other to form the body, and end faces of the plural optical fibers, corresponding to the second, curved end face, are pointing in different directions.

Abstract: A terminal is configured to communicate with another terminal using an optical link. The terminal includes an optical transmitter configured to emit an optical beam, an optical receiver configured to receive an optical signal, and a computing device configured to control the optical transmitter and to receive the optical signal from the optical receiver. The computing device is configured to establish the optical link with the another terminal by, (1) dividing an area of uncertainty, where the another terminal is located, into one spherical region (1) and an annulus ring (2)?(1), wherein each of (1) and (2) are spherical regions with radii 2>1, (2) scanning first the spherical region (1) with the optical beam, and (3) scanning second the spherical region (1) and the annulus ring (2)?(1) with the optical beam.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first communication gateway arranged proximate to a surface of a body of water and an underwater communication gateway. The underwater communication gateway is configured to receive data from a first underwater communication device using radio frequencies and the ethernet data link layer protocol, to convert the data received from the first underwater communication device from the ethernet data link layer protocol to the second data link layer protocol, and to transmit, using optical radiation and the second data link layer protocol, the data converted by the underwater communication gateway to the first communication gateway. The first communication gateway is configured to convert the data transmitted by the underwater communication gateway from the second data link layer protocol to the ethernet data link layer protocol, and to transmit, using the ethernet data link layer protocol, the data converted by the first communication device to a further communication device.

Abstract: A method for estimating a status of a system includes performing independent measurements on the system, associating a value P(?) of a probability measure P, when applied to a power related metric ?, with a Monte Carlo calculated probability measure P(?), which depends on (1) a preset threshold Nu of unfavorable events extracted from the measurements, and (2) a total number Ñtot(?) of the independent measurements for collecting the preset threshold Nu of the unfavorable events, setting a threshold level ? uniquely associated with the system, requiring that a critical value ?c of the power related metric ? makes a value P(?c) of the probability measure P to be substantially equal to the threshold level ?, comparing the total number Ñtot(?) of independent measurements to a ratio of (1) the preset threshold Nu of the unfavorable events, and (2) the threshold level ?, where the ratio is multiplied by a control parameter E, and interrupting the independent measurements if the total number Ñtot(?) is larger than th

Abstract: A method for optical communication between first and second transceivers over a channel in a free-space medium involves receiving a binary string of uniformly distributed bits and converting them into probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-pulse amplitude modulated (M-PAM) symbols using distribution matching. The probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-PAM symbols are mapped into a binary bit stream, which are used to generate, at a forward error correction rate, parity bits. The parity bits are mapped to uniformly-distributed unipolar M-PAM parity symbols. The probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-PAM symbols and the uniformly-distributed unipolar M-PAM parity symbols are multiplexed to form a codeword that is used to modulate the intensity of a laser so as to transmit the codeword.

Abstract: A method for automatically and independently associating a cardiovascular disease with an electrocardiogram, ECG, signal includes receiving the ECG signal; denoising the ECG signal using a wavelet transform; determining peaks of the denoised ECG signal by applying a combination of (1) two event-related moving averages and (2) fractional-Fourier-transform (FrFT) to the denoised ECG signal; and passing the peaks through a classifier for identifying the cardiovascular disease that corresponds to the ECG signal.

Abstract: An aerosol detection system for detecting airborne organic matter, the detection system including a corridor extending along a longitudinal axis and having first and second ends; an access gate connected to the first end of the corridor and configured to control access of an individual to the corridor; a person detection system located in the corridor and configured to determine the presence of the individual inside the corridor; and a testing set configured to generate an air puff, which directs an exhaled breath of the individual for determining a presence of the airborne organic matter. The corridor has a width wc that allows movement of a single individual past the testing set.

Abstract: A method for automatically and independently associating a cardiovascular disease with an electrocardiogram, ECG, signal includes receiving the ECG signal; denoising the ECG signal using a wavelet transform; determining peaks of the denoised ECG signal by applying a combination of (1) two event-related moving averages and (2) fractional-Fourier-transform (FrFT) to the denoised ECG signal; and passing the peaks through a classifier for identifying the cardiovascular disease that corresponds to the ECG signal.

Abstract: A method for optical communication between first and second transceivers over a channel in a free-space medium involves receiving a binary string of uniformly distributed bits and converting them into probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-pulse amplitude modulated (M-PAM) symbols using distribution matching. The probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-PAM symbols are mapped into a binary bit stream, which are used to generate, at a forward error correction rate, parity bits. The parity bits are mapped to uniformly-distributed unipolar M-PAM parity symbols. The probabilistically-shaped unipolar M-PAM symbols and the uniformly-distributed unipolar M-PAM parity symbols are multiplexed to form a codeword that is used to modulate the intensity of a laser so as to transmit the codeword.

Abstract: A detection method is presented that combines two non-linear approaches, the Sphere Decoder (SD) and the K-best algorithms, to identify symbols transmitted over a communication channel in a multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) communication system. A parallel implementation on a x86 computer system is presented, which reduces the number of evaluations by branching over plural symbols and diversifies the search process, which may rapidly reduce the radius and thus, the time complexity of the computer system.

Abstract: A method for autonomous navigating along a given path includes storing at an autonomous navigation system locations associated with a given path; determining a current location of a user; calculating plural positions adjacent to the current location of the user; selecting one position of the plural positions that has a smallest error when compared to the locations associated with the given path; and instructing the user to move to the selected position.

Abstract: A detection method is presented that combines two non-linear approaches, the Sphere Decoder (SD) and the K-best algorithms, to identify symbols transmitted over a communication channel in a multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) communication system. A parallel implementation on a x86 computer system is presented, which reduces the number of evaluations by branching over plural symbols and diversifies the search process, which may rapidly reduce the radius and thus, the time complexity of the computer system.

Abstract: A full-duplex autonomous cooperative routing in an ad hoc network is described. A central station transmits a broadcast packet to a plurality of additional communication nodes in the ad hoc network over a half-duplex frequency channel. The broadcast packet allows other communication nodes to autonomously compute frequency channel assignments for forwarding a packet during a full-duplex data transmission. A source communication node transmits the packet on a full-duplex frequency channel over the ad hoc network towards a sink communication node during the full-duplex data transmission after a frequency channel has been assigned for the full-duplex data transmission.

Abstract: A method of detecting a symbol transmitted over a communication channel in a multiple input-multiple output communication system. The method includes receiving a plurality of symbols transmitted over a communication channel of a multiple input-multiple output communication system. A sphere radius is initialized based on attributes of the communication channel. A first matrix of possible transmitted signals is defined as well as a second matrix of received symbols. The matrix of possible transmitted signals is searched using a breadth-first search (BFS). Each level of the search tree is analyzed utilizing matrix multiplication to determine selected symbols satisfying the initialized sphere radius. A maximum likelihood solution is of the transmitted symbols is derived based on the selected symbols.

Abstract: An optical mirror diversity receiver for a visible light communication system is provided with an array of photodiodes each having an optical-signal-receiving area, with a mirror positioned between an adjacent pair of photodiodes to preferentially redirect light toward one of the photodiodes while also blocking light that would otherwise be received at the photodiode. An angle-aided mirror diversity receiver is also provided with surfaces of the photodiodes aligned relative to the mirror to yield reductions in correlation.

Abstract: An approach to localizing a mobile device takes advantage of the device reporting the order of its neighboring base stations (BSs) according to the received power of the pilot signals. Based on the received BS order, the agent is located within the intersection of corresponding higher-order Voronoi cells. Assuming that the BSs are deployed according to a Poisson point process (PPP) and that signals are subject to log-normal shadowing, the tradeoff between the ALR and the localization error probability can be characterized. It is shown that increasing the number of reported BSs generally reduces the ALR and improves the localization accuracy at the expense of increasing the localization error.

Abstract: Joint power allocation and cell formation for energy efficient (EE) visible light communication (VLC) networks is described. A set of rules for clustering users and then associating all the access points (APs) to the clustered users based on a proposed metric is developed. The energy efficiency is maximized by allocating power to users based on quality of service (QoS) constraints. The present disclosure jointly allocates the power and decides which APs must participate in communication and which ones must be switched off to minimize inter-cell interference. Numerical results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy efficiency compared to the traditional methods of clustering and AP assignment.