Abstract: The present invention is a composite material which can transfer heat very fast, for many applications such as car seat, wheelchair, stroller, apparel, medical care and therapeutic heating items. The present invention is a heating element to produce heat by applying a power supply, the heating element comprises of an interconnected mesh of a conductive filament deposits by a 3D printer on a non-woven fabric filler which acts as a thermal bed on the 3D printer to form a first layer, wherein the interconnected mesh of a conductive filament comprises of a combination of a plurality of parallel or series conductors with a plurality of connection nodes, and a double-sided adhesive lining to connect the first layer to a covering layer.

Abstract: The present invention is a composite material which can transfer heat very fast, for many applications such as car seat, wheelchair, stroller, apparel, medical care and therapeutic heating items. The present invention is a heating element to produce heat by applying a power supply, the heating element comprises of an interconnected mesh of a conductive filament deposits by a 3D printer on a non-woven fabric filler which acts as a thermal bed on the 3D printer to form a first layer, wherein the interconnected mesh of a conductive filament comprises of a combination of a plurality of parallel or series conductors with a plurality of connection nodes, and a double-sided adhesive lining to connect the first layer to a covering layer.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from carbonaceous materials such as tar sands utilizing a separation reagent formed in situ by reacting polar resin components of tar sands with an inorganic base such as sodium silicate in sonicated aqueous solution in absence of an organic solvent to form a surfactant. Under the influence of sonication a microemulsion of polar-external micelles forms. The polar groups can associate with anions, especially polyanions such as silicate and act in a membrane mimetic manner to form vesicles. Cavities can form in the surfactant resin molecule that complex with guest cations such as titanium or other metals from the tar sand.When tar sands are added to the sonicated separation reagent, the surfactant penetrates the bitumen. Metal ions complex with the polar groups and aid in removing the bitument from the sand particles. The polarorganic asphaltene materials are carried into the aqueous phase by the anion and stabilized within the micelle structure.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from carbonaceous materials such as tar sands utilizing a separation reagent formed in situ by reacting polar resin components of tar sands with an inorganic base such as sodium silicate in sonicated aqueous solution in absence of an organic solvent to form a surfactant.When tar sands are added to the sonicated separation reagent, the surfactant penetrates the bitumen which aids in removing the bitumen from the sand particles. The lighter, non-polar hydrocarbon oil fraction separate from the emulsion and rise to the top and are recovered by skimming. The heavier asphaltenes and preasphaltenes complex with the polyvalent metals to form charcoal-like agglomerates which settle to the bottom of the treatment tank. The separation reagent forms during the reaction and can reach a concentration capable of dissolving bitumen. The separation reagent can be recovered and used in other processes after removal and recovery of the clay.

Abstract: Mesophase formation is optimized in graphite and coke precursors by a process which includes determining the values of critical chemical parameters for proposed precursors, modifying the precursors by adjusting such critical chemical parameters as oxygen content, aromaticity and functionality to within certain predetermined optimal limits and treating the resulting modified precursors to form mesophase. Oxygen content can be adjusted by oxidation or reduction of the precursor. Aromaticity can be adjusted by suitable heat treatment. Functionality can be adjusted by derivatization.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon liquids are recovered from carbonaceous materials such as tar sands utilizing a separation reagent formed in situ by reacting polar resin components of tar sands with an inorganic base such as sodium silicate in sonicated aqueous solution in absence of an organic solvent to form a surfactant. Under the influence of sonication a microemulsion of polar-external micelles forms.When tar sands are added to the sonicated separation reagent, the surfactant penetrates the bitumen. Metal ions complex with the polar groups and aid in removing the bitumen from the sand particles. The polar-organic asphaltene materials are carried into the aqueous phase by the anion and stabilized within the micelle structure. The lighter, non-polar hydrocarbon oil fraction separate from the emulsion and rise to the top and is recovered by skimming. The heavier asphaltenes and preasphaltenes complex with the polyvalent metals to form charcoal-like agglomerates which settle to the bottom of the treatment tank.