Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for encasing various structures with a seamless continuous sleeve, where the presence of existing supports does not allow slipping a sleeve over the structure. In these methods strips of fabrics smeared with or saturated by resin are helically or non-helically wrapped or placed around desired shape mandrels that are located around a support of the structure. As the resin is partially cured, a portion of the sleeve segment is moved away from the mandrel, leaving the rest of the sleeve on the mandrel to be attached to the next will-be-fabricated sleeve segment. The process will continue as many times as needed to create a sleeve of a desired length. In various embodiments the strength of the sleeves varies at different locations. In some embodiments the gaps between the sleeves and the structures are filled with gas, liquid, solid, or any other materials.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for onsite real-time manufacturing of any length, shape, size, and any thickness pipe; placing it inside an existing pipe or conduit to be repaired and/or reinforced; and filling the annular space between the manufactured and the existing pipe or conduit with desired filling materials. Strips of fabrics saturated with resin are helically wrapped around desired shape mandrels in one direction and removed, at least partially cured, to form such pipes onsite. Manufactured pipes eliminate almost all weaknesses of plastic, metal and concrete pipes and noticeably reduce costs of transportation as well as manufacturing. One of the advantages of the manufactured pipes is that they have no joints, limiting the leakage and other problems associated with joints in ordinary pipes. Another advantage of the manufactured pipes is that it can have any number of desired layers at any desire cross-section of the manufactured pipe.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for reinforcing various structures, such as pipes, ducts, vessels, tanks, silos, chimneys, columns and the like, constructed from various materials including steel, concrete, masonry, wood, plastics, and the like. Some of the various structures may be used to transport water, gas, oil, and the like. Multiple layers of various material sheets, each sheet having substantially the same or different properties, may be wrapped around or be attached to the inside of a structure to be reinforced. The multiple layers together constitute a structure reinforcement wrap (SRW) and in an embodiment it may include a 3D fabric layer surrounded by other reinforcement layers to reinforce the structure against external and internal loads, such as weight, impact load, blast load, internal pressure, ballistic load, and the like. In some embodiment the SRW may only include 3D fabric layers.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for constructing, reinforcing, and repairing various structural elements such as columns, piles and the like using formworks that are reusable. The reusable articles of manufacture employed in the disclosed methods are or, if desired, may be permanently left in place. Same or similar methods and articles of manufacture may be employed to easily construct pipes of any desired diameter in a very short time.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for onsite real-time manufacturing of any length, shape, size, and any thickness pipe. Strips of fabrics saturated with resin are helically wrapped around desired shape mandrels in one direction and removed, at least partially cured, to form such pipes onsite. The system can be mounted on a moving vehicle to manufacture and lay down any length pipe as it moves, or the system can be stationary. Disclosed pipes eliminate almost all weaknesses of plastic, metal and concrete pipes and noticeably reduce costs of transportation as well as manufacturing. One of the advantages of the disclosed pipes is that they have no joints, limiting the leakage and other problems associated with joints in ordinary pipes. Another advantage of the disclosed pipes is that it can have any number of desired layers at any desire cross-section of the pipe.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for constructing, reinforcing, and repairing various structural elements such as columns, piles and the like using formworks that are reusable. The reusable articles of manufacture employed in the disclosed methods are or, if desired, may be permanently left in place. Same or similar methods and articles of manufacture may be employed to easily construct pipes of any desired diameter in a very short time.

Abstract: Proactive methods and articles of manufacture are disclosed for preventing any water leak or flooding of a toilet. These methods and systems can replace or be added to the water system of existing toilets, especially the North American toilets, which use water tanks. In various embodiments the water is turned OFF and prevented to enter the toilet tank before the flush handle is activated and/or before a user is sensed. In some embodiments each flushing of the toilet permits the toilet tank to only fill once. If a leak causes the tank to empty, water is not permitted to fill the leaking tank until the next time the flush handle is activated. In some other embodiments each flushing of the toilet and/or sensing of a user permits the toilet tank to fill a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: Methods and articles of manufacture are disclosed for pipes and Architectural shells and/or Panels (AP) of desired shapes, sizes, and curvatures that can be manufactured onsite or offsite. The disclosed pipes, Architectural shells and Panels, which use resin-impregnated fabrics in combination with spacer sheets, are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, fast to produce, and can easily be repaired, reinforced and refurbished.

Abstract: Methods and articles of manufacture are disclosed for Architectural shells and/or Panels (AP) of desired shapes, sizes, and curvatures that can be manufactured onsite or offsite. The disclosed Architectural shells and Panels, which use resin-impregnated fabrics in combination with spacer sheets, are easy to manufacture, inexpensive, fast to produce, and can easily be repaired, reinforced and refurbished.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are presented for reinforcing and/or repairing columns, towers, pylons, and the like, constructed from various materials including concrete, masonry, wood, plastics, and the like. One or more tensile bearing bands/rebars of material, such as fibrous material, are longitudinally/axially adhered or attached to the structure followed by wrapping of a semi-flexible or a semi-rigid sheet of material, at a relatively small distance, around the column. Subsequently filler material is poured in the cavity created between the wrapped sheet material and the column. Optionally, multiple layers of various material sheets, each sheet having substantially the same or different properties, may be wrapped around or be attached to the primary wrapped sheet. Appropriately chosen reinforcement bands/rebars, reinforcement sheets, and filler material can provide any desired additional tensile, compressive, shear and flexural strength to the column.

Abstract: Proactive methods and articles of manufacture are disclosed for preventing any water leak or flooding of a toilet. These methods and systems can replace or be added to the water system of existing toilets, especially the North American toilets, which use water tanks. In various embodiments the water is turned OFF and prevented to enter the toilet tank before the flush handle is activated and/or before a user is sensed. In some embodiments each flushing of the toilet permits the toilet tank to only fill once. If a leak causes the tank to empty, water is not permitted to fill the leaking tank until the next time the flush handle is activated. In some other embodiments each flushing of the toilet and/or sensing of a user permits the toilet tank to fill a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for externally reinforcing various solid structures, such as columns, poles, piles, beams and the like, against buckling under compressive forces and loads. In various embodiments, a seamless multi-layer jacket is constructed around the structural member by wrapping a thin sheet of material around the structural member, as many times as needed, at a distance from the structural member. While maintaining the thin sheet of material wrapped around the structural member, a filler material will fill the annular space between the jacket and the structural member, wherein the structural member, the jacket, and the filler material cooperate to better resist the buckling of the structural member when subject to compressive forces and loads.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for reinforcing various structures, such as pipes, ducts, vessels, tanks, silos, chimneys, columns and the like, constructed from various materials including steel, concrete, masonry, wood, plastics, and the like. Some of the various structures may be used to transport water, gas, oil, and the like. Multiple layers of various material sheets, each sheet having substantially the same or different properties, may be wrapped around or be attached to the inside of a structure to be reinforced. The multiple layers together constitute a structure reinforcement wrap (SRW) and in an embodiment it may include a 3D fabric layer surrounded by other reinforcement layers to reinforce the structure against external and internal loads, such as weight, impact load, blast load, internal pressure, ballistic load, and the like. In some embodiment the SRW may only include 3D fabric layers.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for externally reinforcing various solid structures, such as columns, poles, piles, beams and the like, against buckling under compressive forces and loads. In various embodiments, a seamless multi-layer jacket is constructed around the structural member by wrapping a thin sheet of material around the structural member, as many times as needed, at a distance from the structural member. While maintaining the thin sheet of material wrapped around the structural member, a filler material will fill the annular space between the jacket and the structural member, wherein the structural member, the jacket, and the filler material cooperate to better resist the buckling of the structural member when subject to compressive forces and loads.

Abstract: Method and articles of manufacture are described for internally reinforcing and/or repairing various pipes, especially those carrying pressurized gas or liquids. In various embodiments a radially expandable tube is first inserted into or is pulled through the pipe. This radially expandable tube may be pre-saturated in epoxy before or after entering the pipe. Subsequently, an apparatus such as a balloon is passed through the tube which forces the tube to expand and come in contact with the inside surface of the pipe. In some embodiments epoxy is sprayed on the tube as the balloon moves inside the tube. When the epoxy-saturated tube comes in contact with the inside surface of the pipe and adheres to the pipe and cures, it forms an intimate liner for the pipe, which can add strength to the pipe in multiple directions and or prevent any leakage of the content of the pipe.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are presented for reinforcing and/or repairing columns, towers, pylons, and the like, constructed from various materials including concrete, masonry, wood, plastics, and the like. One or more tensile bearing bands/rebars of material, such as fibrous material, are longitudinally/axially adhered or attached to the structure followed by wrapping of a semi-flexible or a semi-rigid sheet of material, at a relatively small distance, around the column. Subsequently filler material is poured in the cavity created between the wrapped sheet material and the column. Optionally, multiple layers of various material sheets, each sheet having substantially the same or different properties, may be wrapped around or be attached to the primary wrapped sheet. Appropriately chosen reinforcement bands/rebars, reinforcement sheets, and filler material can provide any desired additional tensile, compressive, shear and flexural strength to the column.

Abstract: A method and an article of manufacture are disclosed for reinforcing various structures, such as pipes, ducts, vessels, tanks, silos, chimneys, and the like, constructed from various materials including steel, concrete, masonry, wood, plastics, and the like. Some of the various structures may be used to transport water, gas, oil, and the like. Multiple layers of various material sheets, each sheet having substantially the same or different properties, may be wrapped around or be attached to the inside of a structure to be reinforced. The multiple layers together constitute a structure reinforcement wrap (SRW) and in an embodiment it may include a honeycomb layer surrounded by other reinforcement layers to reinforce the structure against external and internal loads, such as weight, impact load, blast load, internal pressure, ballistic load, and the like.