Abstract: An apparatus for use in a system that includes a network analyzer for determining a property, such as dielectric permittivity of a sample material as a function of frequency, the apparatus including: a cylindrical chamber for receiving the sample; a coaxial connector having a first relatively small diameter end coupleable with the analyzer and a second relatively large diameter end communicating with a side of the cylindrical chamber, the connector having inner and outer coaxial conductors; the inner conductor of the connector having a diameter that tapers outwardly from the first end to the second end, and the outer conductor of the connector having an inner surface whose diameter tapers outwardly from the first end to the second end. The chamber can accommodate relatively large samples, such as standard earth formation coring samples.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a system that includes a network analyzer for determining a property, such as dielectric permittivity of a sample material as a function of frequency, the apparatus including: a cylindrical chamber for receiving the sample; a coaxial connector having a first relatively small diameter end coupleable with the analyzer and a second relatively large diameter end communicating with a side of the cylindrical chamber, the connector having inner and outer coaxial conductors; the inner conductor of the connector having a diameter that tapers outwardly from the first end to the second end, and the outer conductor of the connector having an inner surface whose diameter tapers outwardly from the first end to the second end. The chamber can accommodate relatively large samples, such as standard earth formation coring samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for measuring nuclear magnetic resonance properties of an earth formation traversed by a borehole by generating gradient-echoes. The measurement can be made while drilling or using a wireline tool. The apparatus applies a static magnetic field, B.sub.a, in a volume of the formation which polarizes the nuclei of hydrogenous connate fluids within the formation. The apparatus applies a second magnetic field, B.sub.b, in a volume of the formation. The magnetic fields B.sub.a and B.sub.b are substantially orthogonal in the volume of the formation. A change in the polarity of the magnetic field, B.sub.b, reverses the direction of precession of the nuclei thereby generating a train of gradient-echoes. Each gradient-echo signal is transformed into the frequency domain and the signal frequency is mapped to a radial position in the volume of the formation in order to generate an image of the formation.

Abstract: A cryogenic thermometer using molecular luminescence determines temperature. A sensor material is used which is capable of emitting radiant energy from a spin multiplet when excited, the excited state being characterized by a large zero field splitting (ZFS), and in which two of the sublevels split by the ZFS are radiative in the visible or near infrared region and are optically resolvable from each other. Spin-lattice relaxation rates between the sublevels are much larger than the sublevel decay rates to other states in order that their populations remain close to thermal equilibrium during optical pumping. The relative intensity of the two bands of radiation is determined and the temperature calculated therefrom. Xanthione (XS) dissolved in n-hexane may be used as a sensor material in the optimum range of 3 to 10K, with estimated precision varying between 0.4 mK and 3.0 mK within this range.