Abstract: An apparatus includes: a first sensor configured to provide a first input; a second sensor configured to provide a second input; and a processing unit configured to receive the first input from the first sensor, and a second input from the second sensor; wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a first probability of a first predicted event, and a second probability of a second predicted event, wherein the first predicted event and the second predicted event are associated with an operation of the vehicle; and wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate a risk score based on the first probability of the first predicted event, and based on the second probability of the second predicted event.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: a first sensor configured to provide a first input associated with an environment outside a vehicle; a second sensor configured to provide a second input associated with an operation of the vehicle; and a processing unit having a first-stage processing system and a second-stage processing system; the first-stage processing system configured to receive the first input and the second input, process the first input to obtain a first time series of information, and process the second input to obtain a second time series of information; wherein the second-stage processing system comprises a neural network model configured to receive the first time series of information and a second time series of information in parallel; and wherein the neural network is configured to process the first time series and the second time series to determine a probability of a predicted event associated with an operation of the vehicle.