Abstract: A system for validating a flow rate of a water injection well is provided. The system includes a first data source providing operating data associated with the well, a data repository, a digital model of the well, a second data source, and a processor. The processor is configured to obtain operating data, including a measured flow rate, historical data, and the digital model, determine a modelled flow rate using the digital model based on the historical injection data and the operating data, compare the measured flow rate with the modelled flow rate to determine a delta, receive a second measured flow rate from the second data source, compare the second measured flow rate to the modelled flow rate to determine a second delta, and in response to determining that the second delta does not exceed the threshold value, automatically generate a request for remediation of the first data source.

Abstract: An optical sensor and corresponding method of operation can detect a phase transition and/or related property of a hydrocarbon-based analyte. The optical sensor includes an optical element with a metallic film coupled or integral thereto, with a sample chamber holds the hydrocarbon-based analyte such that the hydrocarbon-based analyte is disposed adjacent the metallic layer. The optical sensor further includes a light source configured to direct light through the optical element such that the light is reflected by the metallic layer under conditions of surface plasmon resonance. The optical sensor analyzes the reflected light to detect a phase transition and/or related property of a hydrocarbon-based analyte.

Abstract: An optical sensor and corresponding method of operation can detect a phase transition and/or related property of a hydrocarbon-based analyte. The optical sensor includes an optical element with a metallic film coupled or integral thereto, with a sample chamber holds the hydrocarbon-based analyte such that the hydrocarbon-based analyte is disposed adjacent the metallic layer. The optical sensor further includes a light source configured to direct light through the optical element such that the light is reflected by the metallic layer under conditions of surface plasmon resonance. The optical sensor analyzes the reflected light to detect a phase transition and/or related property of a hydrocarbon-based analyte.