Abstract: A battery housing is configured to encase multiple battery cells comprises a supercapacitor shell. The supercapacitor shell comprises two layers each of carbon fiber reinforced with plastic; an electrode between the two layers, the electrode comprising negative electrode material, positive electrode material, and an electrolyte; a positive electrode terminal connected to the carbon fiber of one of the two layers; and a negative electrode terminal connected to the carbon fiber of another of the two layers. Edges of the two layers are laminated together to contain the electrode with the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal extending external to the laminated edges.

Abstract: A solid-state battery cell includes a cathode comprising a cathode glass fiber scaffold impregnated with cathode active material, an anode comprising an anode glass fiber scaffold impregnated with lithium metal or a lithium metal alloy, and a first electrolyte layer comprising an electrolyte glass fiber scaffold impregnated with a first solid-state electrolyte, the electrolyte layer positioned between the cathode and the anode and the electrolyte glass fiber scaffold extending throughout the first electrolyte layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a stable ceramic anode for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a method for producing and using the same. In particular, anodes for solid oxide fuel cells disclosed herein can be operated at a significantly lower temperature than conventional SOFCs, and allow thermal and anode gas cycling under transient conditions. More significantly, anodes described in the present disclosure have a significantly higher long-term operability compared to a similar anode having a higher amount of electrocatalyst. In one particular embodiment, the stable ceramic anodes comprise (i) strontium-iron-cobalt-molybdenum oxide (SFCM) material; (ii) a first ion-conductor composition comprising an oxide of cerium or cerium that is doped with a rare-earth metal; and (iii) nanoparticles of an electrocatalyst comprising (a) a second ion-conductor and (b) nickel, a nickel alloy, or a combination thereof. The amount of electrocatalyst in said stable ceramic anode is less than 10 wt %.

Abstract: A 3-D printer apparatus (three-dimensional printer apparatus) includes a bottom structure of a tank. The tank defines a printing area located above and spaced apart from the bottom structure. The bottom structure includes oxygen releasing electrodes. A resin curing device is configured to selectively provide light to the printing area. The electronic controller controls operation of the resin curing device and the oxygen releasing electrodes. The electronic controller selectively operates areas of the oxygen releasing electrodes thereby releasing oxygen to predetermined locations below the printing area in order to temporarily prevent the polymerization of a polymerizable resin within predetermined locations of the printing area during the printing process.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials that comprise various compositions of chromate based oxide materials. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate-temperature SOFC having an anode layer comprising a chromate based oxide material is also provided.

Abstract: A method of operating a 3-D printer apparatus includes a tank structure with a bottom wall with a printing area defined above and spaced apart from the bottom wall. A gas permeable liquid within the tank overlays the bottom wall of the tank structure defining a first mobile layer below the printing area. An inhibition liquid within the tank overlays the gas permeable liquid defining a second mobile layer below the printing area. A polymerizable resin overlays the inhibition liquid and flows into the printing area. Positioning of an object carrier controlled such that a lower surface of the object carrier is initially located within the polymerizable resin and within the printing area. Operation of a resin curing device beneath the bottom wall provides light to the printing area polymerizing predetermined portions of the polymerizable resin forming an object attached to the lower surface of the object carrier.

Abstract: A solid oxide electrochemical device comprises a solid electrolyte layer, the first surface and second surface having surface pores formed therein; a first composite electrolyte layer composed of metal and a solid electrolyte and having a first porosity; a second composite electrolyte layer composed of metal and the solid electrolyte and having the first porosity, the solid electrolyte layer sandwiched between the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer; a cathode on one of the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer; and an anode on another of the first composite electrolyte layer and the second composite electrolyte layer. The anode comprises an anode metal layer comprising pores; anode active material; and reforming catalyst, wherein the anode active material and the reforming catalyst line walls of the pores in the anode metal layer.

Abstract: A solid-state battery cell includes a cathode, an anode comprising microspheres of lithium metal embedded in an ion and electron conducting oxide-based material, with individual microspheres having a first solid electrolyte interface, and a first solid electrolyte layer comprising a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, the first electrolyte layer positioned between the cathode and the anode. The solid-state battery can also include a second solid electrolyte layer comprising an oxide-based solid electrolyte between the first solid electrolyte layer and the anode, the second solid electrolyte layer having a lower conductivity than the first solid electrolyte layer, and a second solid electrolyte interface between the first solid electrolyte layer and the second solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell features a functional layer for reducing interfacial resistance between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated in part by disposing a functional layer between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A solid-state battery cell includes a cathode comprising a cathode glass fiber scaffold impregnated with cathode active material, an anode comprising an anode glass fiber scaffold impregnated with lithium metal or a lithium metal alloy, and a first electrolyte layer comprising an electrolyte glass fiber scaffold impregnated with a first solid-state electrolyte, the electrolyte layer positioned between the cathode and the anode and the electrolyte glass fiber scaffold extending throughout the first electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Anode materials comprising various compositions of strontium iron cobalt molybdenum oxide (SFCM) for low- or intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) are provided. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate temperature SOFC having an anode layer including SFCM is also provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte structure for use in a solid oxide electrochemical device includes a first solid electrolyte and a metal support embedded in the first solid electrolyte such that the first solid electrolyte forms an anode-facing layer that covers an anode-facing surface of the metal support, a cathode-facing layer that covers a cathode-facing surface of the metal support, and two opposing side layers that cover side surfaces of the metal support to form a continuous path around the metal support.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell is fabricated in part by disposing a functional layer between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: An anode layer for a solid oxide electrochemical device comprises a metal support structure having an electrolyte-facing surface and a gas distribution-facing surface, the metal support structure defining pores having a pore diameter, anode catalyst supported within the metal support structure, channels formed within the gas distribution-facing surface of the metal support structure, and a first reformer catalyst deposited onto surfaces of the metal support structure defining the channels, the first reformer catalyst having a diameter greater than the pore diameter. The anode layer can further comprise a second reformer catalyst, with the first reformer catalyst reforming a first fuel and the second reformer catalyst reforming a second fuel.

Abstract: Anode materials comprising various compositions of strontium iron cobalt molybdenum oxide (SFCM) for low- or intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) are provided. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate temperature SOFC having an anode layer including SFCM is also provided.

Abstract: A cathode having a tandem electrocatalyst structure is provided. The cathode includes a plurality of wires spaced apart from each other, a layer formed on a surface of each of the plurality of wires, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed on the layer. Each of the plurality of wires includes a first perovskite material or a metal. The layer includes a second perovskite material. Each of the nanoparticles includes a metal oxide.

Abstract: An electrolyte structure for use in a solid oxide electrochemical device includes a first solid electrolyte and a metal support embedded in the first solid electrolyte such that the first solid electrolyte forms an anode-facing layer that covers an anode-facing surface of the metal support, a cathode-facing layer that covers a cathode-facing surface of the metal support, and two opposing side layers that cover side surfaces of the metal support to form a continuous path around the metal support.

Abstract: A multimodal solid electrolyte for a solid-state lithium electrochemical device comprises a first layer formed of first rows each having an anode-facing base with an apex extending opposite an anode, the first layer being a first inorganic lithium conducting oxide material, and a second layer formed of second rows each having a cathode-facing base with an apex extending opposite a cathode, the second layer being a second inorganic lithium conducting oxide material, wherein the second rows are offset from the first rows such that the apex of each second row nests within the first rows. A solid polymer electrolyte layer is sandwiched between the first layer and the second layer.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a solid oxide fuel cell features a functional layer for reducing interfacial resistance between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.