Abstract: The strut and tie method for waffle slabs relates to computer modeling of waffle slabs to predict strength and mode of failure. The waffle slab strut and tie method utilizes a three-dimensional strut-and-tie model, which is applied to distinct structural features of waffle slabs. Individual ribs in the slab form two-dimensional trusses, which are connected with perpendicular trusses at rib intersections. The geometry of the slab defines the location of nodes for finite element analysis.

Abstract: Electrically conductive meshes with pore sizes between about 20 and 3000 nanometers and with appropriately selected strand geometry can be used as engineered supports in electrodes to provide for improved performance in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Suitable electrode geometries have essentially straight, parallel pores of engineered size. When used as a cathode, such electrodes can be expected to provide a substantial improvement in output voltage at a given current.

Abstract: The strut and tie method for waffle slabs relates to computer modeling of waffle slabs to predict strength and mode of failure. The waffle slab strut and tie method utilizes a three-dimensional strut-and-tie model, which is applied to distinct structural features of waffle slabs. Individual ribs in the slab form two-dimensional trusses, which are connected with perpendicular trusses at rib intersections. The geometry of the slab defines the location of nodes for finite element analysis.

Abstract: Water containing dissolved salts, such as calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium bicarbonate, and mixtures thereof, is treated to reduce the concentration of those salts. About 0.1 to about 60 g/L of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate, and mixtures thereof is added to the water, whereby a precipitate forms in the water. The precipitate is separated from said water and the water is desalinated using reverse osmosis, flash evaporation, or another method. The process is preferably performed by first adding calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, separating the precipitate that forms, then adding sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate to form a second precipitate.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the removal of acetaldehyde impurities from ethyl acetate formed by reacting acetic acid with ethylene over a catalyst by refining a crude mixture of ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetaldehye and water in a column (C) so as to remove (a) refined ethyl acetate as a base product to be further purified, and (b) light ends mixture comprising diethyl ether and acetaldehyde overhead to be fed to an aldehyde removal column; a purge comprising acetaldehyde is removed at or near the top of the aldehyde removal column. The process is a very important step in the commercial manufacture of ethyl acetate because the presence of acetaldehyde is detrimental to the esterification catalyst.

Abstract: A system of the present invention selects agent destinations and monitors calls made from a caller through an intelligent call processing network to a network customer. A plurality of home agents, such as part of a telemarketing system, are located at respective home premises and receive routed calls. A customer routing point responds to call queries transmitted from the intelligent call processing network and routes the call to the desired home agent. A management information server is connected in communication to the customer routing point for storing call routing and agent call-handling information. At least one agent manager is connected in communication to at least one of the home agents for monitoring the home agent and maintaining agent availability, routing configurations and statistical information concerning log-in and usage. Each agent manager is interconnected with the customer routing point for transmitting agent availability and routing configurations to the customer routing point.