Abstract: A parallel self-timed adder (PASTA) is disclosed. It is based on recursive formulation and uses only half adders for performing multi-bit binary addition. Theoretically the operation is parallel for those bits that do not need any carry chain propagation. Thus the new approach attains logarithmic performance without any special speed-up circuitry or look-ahead schema. The corresponding CMOS implementation of the design along with completion detection unit is also presented. The design is regular and does not have any practical limitations of fan-ins or fan-outs or complex interconnections. Thus it is more suitable for adoption in fast adder implementation in high-performance processors. The performance of the implementation is tested using SPICE circuit simulation tool by linear technology. Simulation results show its superiority over cascaded circuit adders. A constant time carry propagation is also achieved using the proposed implementation by tuning the CMOS parameters.

Abstract: A parallel self-timed adder (PASTA) is disclosed. It is based on recursive formulation and uses only half adders for performing multi-bit binary addition. Theoretically the operation is parallel for those bits that do not need any carry chain propagation. Thus the new approach attains logarithmic performance without any special speed-up circuitry or look-ahead schema. The corresponding CMOS implementation of the design along with completion detection unit is also presented. The design is regular and does not have any practical limitations of fan-ins or fan-outs or complex interconnections. Thus it is more suitable for adoption in fast adder implementation in high-performance processors. The performance of the implementation is tested using SPICE circuit simulation tool by linear technology. Simulation results show its superiority over cascaded circuit adders. A constant time carry propagation is also achieved using the proposed implementation by tuning the CMOS parameters.

Abstract: A heat sink assembly having excellent heat dissipation for internally integrated inverter hub motor for light electric vehicles and comprising of a thermally conducive ring, the electronic board consisting of multiple inverter switches, a potential secondary electronic board and a heat sink base, where the thermally conductive one piece ring is pressed down on the inverter switches to affix the switches to the hub of the motor thereby creating a mechanism for heat dissipation.

Abstract: The EMS modular battery pack is a convenient and maintainable battery pack that encompasses several modules that are fixed to a rigid structure that carries the battery management system and each module contains several cells which are connected in series via welded leads and are supported mechanically within each module. The division of module facilitates the removal of non-functional cells within the module with ease and the battery pack also provides a battery management system that detects a non functional module using the sensing circuitry built in each module. The modular battery pack design facilitates various configurations of battery pack both electrically and mechanically since any number of modules can be combined to build a battery pack.

Abstract: A torque bar on a bicycle braking system comprising of a disc brake caliper assembly including an axle housing, a torque bar mounted to the stator of an inverted hub motor and vehicle frame, wherein said torque bar is attached to the vehicle frame and disc brake caliper and the torque produced by the stator of inverted hub motor is transmitted to the vehicle frame through said torque bar.

Abstract: A removable keyless security lock for a light electric vehicle which employs existing permanent magnet brushless motor or motors that is or are programmed to produce high resistance to paddling to prevent theft. This antitheft mode offer resistance to motor rotation, thereby effectively locking the movement of the electric bicycle. An external energy source, such as, a battery is not required to keep the antitheft mode activated. The security lock is easily removable without using any tools and this will not deactivate the antitheft mode.