Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for enabling more-accurate single-point radar cross section (RCS) approaches for radar simulations without introducing orders of complexity. For automotive radar applications, considering variations in RCS radial patterns, with both angle and range, and because of analytically calculated multi-path effects and near-field RCS effects improves simulation accuracy by incorporating multi-path phenomenon that is present due to ground reflections. The described techniques are performed without using full scale ray-tracing or other computationally demanding techniques.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for an adaptive ray-launcher for an electromagnetic response simulator. An adaptive ray-launching process is used to shoot electromagnetic rays at targets in a simulated environment. Uniformly distributed sparse electromagnetic rays are launched at the targets and the angular ray densities relative to the targets are calculated. Several propagation paths that include multipath effects are considered to determine the angular ray densities. Based on the length of the propagation paths of sparse electromagnetic rays with multipath related to each target, denser electromagnetic rays can be launched. The denser electromagnetic rays enable the fidelity related to targets in a far-range to be similar to the fidelity of closer targets. Additionally, any sparse electromagnetics that cannot be detected by a sensor can be disregarded. In this manner, an efficient and accurate electromagnetic response model may be approximated.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for accurate and efficient electromagnetic response for a sensor simulator. Target information and sensor parameters for an electromagnetic sensor are simulated in an environment that includes a ground plane. Electromagnetic rays that may be detected by the sensor or an image of the sensor are launched from the simulated sensor toward the target and an image of the target about the ground plane to determine a complex electromagnetic response of the target. A ray-tracing algorithm is applied to trace the forward wave propagation of electromagnetic rays in the environment that considers rays bouncing between the target and the image of the target. An electromagnetic response can be modeled based on the congregation of the electromagnetic response of all backward paths of all bounces of all rays. In this manner, an efficient and accurate electromagnetic response model may be approximated.

Abstract: This document describes techniques and systems for a modified ray-tracer for an electromagnetic response simulator. Electromagnetic ray information, including a starting point and direction, is received. A potential target can be determined to be hit by the electromagnetic ray by converting the electromagnetic ray information from a global coordinate system of the environment to a local coordinate system of the potential target. The potential target is hit by the electromagnetic ray if a facet of the potential target is computed to be hit by the ray. The computations, performed in the local coordinate system of the potential target, include a simplified large element physical optics formulation for parallel rays. An electromagnetic response related to the potential target can be calculated if the facet of the potential target was determined to be hit. In this manner, an efficient and accurate electromagnetic response model may be approximated.