Abstract: An electrochemical sensor may include a common reference electrode, at least one counter electrode, and a work electrode platform including a work electrode and at least one diffusion control layer. The work electrode may be electrically coupled to the common reference electrode. The electrode may include a reagent substrate configured to react with an analyte to produce a signal indicative of a concentration of the analyte. The at least one diffusion control layer may be configured to control the diffusion of the analyte to the work electrode.

Abstract: Analyte sensor apparatus, systems, and methods to reduce sensor drift. An analyte sensor apparatus (102) for detecting an analyte such as glucose in a target environment (10) such as a body tissue may include a plurality of electrodes and a controller. The plurality of electrodes may provide a plurality of electrode signals based on the target environment while disposed in the target environment. The controller may be operatively coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to receive the plurality of electrode signals. The controller may further be configured to adjust a voltage of at least one electrode of the plurality of electrodes based on a voltage profile to regenerate one or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes while the at least one electrode is disposed in the target environment. This may allow to correct an electrode drift without removing the electrode from its target environment.

Abstract: A biocompatible medical device may include an electrochemical sensor including a common reference electrode; at least one counter electrode; and a work electrode platform comprising a plurality of respective work electrodes, each respective work electrode electrically coupled to the common reference electrode and comprising a respective reagent substrate configured to react with a respective analyte to produce a respective signal indicative of a concentration of the respective analyte; and processing circuitry operatively coupled to the electrochemical sensor, and configured to receive from the electrochemical sensor a plurality of signals from the plurality of respective work electrodes; identify the respective signal corresponding to a respective selected work electrode; and process the identified signal to determine the concentration of the respective analyte associated with the respective selected work electrode.

Abstract: Medical devices and related systems and methods are provided. A method of controlling medication delivery based on sensor input involves obtaining a measurement parameter representing an electrical response of a first instance of a sensing element to a physiological condition of a person. The measurement parameter is converted into a calibrated measurement parameter using calibration data specific to the first instance of the sensing element. The method further involves determining a measurement value using the calibrated measurement parameter as input to a performance model. The performance model is derived from historical calibrated measurement parameters and corresponding reference values. The historical calibrated measurement parameters are from other instances of the sensing element. A command is then determined based on the measurement value and sent to a medical device. The command causes the medical device to deliver a dose of medication influencing the physiological condition of the person.

Abstract: The invention provides amperometric analyte sensor systems comprising one or more electrodes designed to monitor in vivo levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (and optionally glucose as well) in order to facilitate the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. The invention further includes compositions, elements and methods useful with such amperometric analyte sensor systems.

Abstract: A method of testing one or more analyte sensors each comprising a first electrode; a second electrode; and a material layer disposed on or above the first electrode; the method including (a) applying a voltage potential to the first electrode with respect to the second electrode; (b) measuring a test signal comprising an output current from the first electrode that results from the application of the voltage potential; (c) using the test signal from (b) to observe an electrical characteristic of the analyte sensor; and (d) correlating the electrical characteristic a parameter associated with an electrochemical response of the analyte sensor to an analyte, wherein the testing is under dry conditions without exposure of the electrodes to a fluid containing the analyte or an in-vivo environment containing the analyte.

Abstract: A sensor having a distal end and an intermediate region adjacent to the distal end is provided. The sensor includes an insulator base substrate, sensor electrodes over the insulator base substrate, an electrode lead pattern over the insulator base substrate, wherein the electrode lead pattern includes electrode leads configured for contact with the sensor electrodes, and wherein the electrode leads extend completely across the intermediate region in a longitudinal direction, and a structural backing layer over the electrode lead pattern and insulator base substrate; wherein a side edge of the structural backing layer over the electrode lead pattern extends completely across the structural backing layer in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Medical devices and related systems and methods are provided. A method of controlling medication delivery based on sensor input involves obtaining a measurement parameter representing an electrical response of a first instance of a sensing element to a physiological condition of a person. The measurement parameter is converted into a calibrated measurement parameter using calibration data specific to the first instance of the sensing element. The method further involves determining a measurement value using the calibrated measurement parameter as input to a performance model. The performance model is derived from historical calibrated measurement parameters and corresponding reference values. The historical calibrated measurement parameters are from other instances of the sensing element. A command is then determined based on the measurement value and sent to a medical device. The command causes the medical device to deliver a dose of medication influencing the physiological condition of the person.

Abstract: The invention provides amperometric analyte sensor systems comprising one or more electrodes designed to monitor in vivo levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (and optionally glucose as well) in order to facilitate the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. The invention further includes compositions, elements and methods useful with such amperometric analyte sensor systems.

Abstract: A method of testing one or more analyte sensors each comprising a first electrode; a second electrode; and a material layer disposed on or above the first electrode; the method including (a) applying a voltage potential to the first electrode with respect to the second electrode; (b) measuring a test signal comprising an output current from the first electrode that results from the application of the voltage potential; (c) using the test signal from (b) to observe an electrical characteristic of the analyte sensor; and (d) correlating the electrical characteristic a parameter associated with an electrochemical response of the analyte sensor to an analyte, wherein the testing is under dry conditions without exposure of the electrodes to a fluid containing the analyte or an in-vivo environment containing the analyte.

Abstract: A multi-electrode sensor array includes a first electrode configured for sensing a first analyte, and a second electrode configured for sensing a second analyte. The first electrode includes a first electrical connection pad on a first end portion of the first electrode, and a first enzyme on a second portion of the first electrode, the first enzyme configured for sensing the first analyte. The second electrode includes a second electrical connection pad on a first end portion of the second electrode, and a second enzyme on a second portion of the second electrode, the second enzyme configured for sensing the second analyte.

Abstract: A sensor having a distal end and an intermediate region adjacent to the distal end is provided. The sensor includes an insulator base substrate, sensor electrodes over the insulator base substrate, an electrode lead pattern over the insulator base substrate, wherein the electrode lead pattern includes electrode leads configured for contact with the sensor electrodes, and wherein the electrode leads extend completely across the intermediate region in a longitudinal direction, and a structural backing layer over the electrode lead pattern and insulator base substrate; wherein a side edge of the structural backing layer over the electrode lead pattern extends completely across the structural backing layer in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An embodiment of a sensor device includes a base substrate, a circuit pattern formed overlying the interior surface of the substrate, a physiological characteristic sensor element on the exterior surface of the substrate, conductive plug elements located in vias formed through the substrate, each conductive plug element having one end coupled to a sensor electrode, and having another end coupled to the circuit pattern, a multilayer component stack carried on the substrate and connected to the circuit pattern, the stack including features and components to provide processing and wireless communication functionality for sensor data obtained in association with operation of the sensor device, and an enclosure structure coupled to the substrate to enclose the interior surface of the substrate, the circuit pattern, and the stack.

Abstract: A biocompatible medical device may include an electrochemical sensor including a common reference electrode; at least one counter electrode; and a work electrode platform comprising a plurality of respective work electrodes, each respective work electrode electrically coupled to the common reference electrode and comprising a respective reagent substrate configured to react with a respective analyte to produce a respective signal indicative of a concentration of the respective analyte; and processing circuitry operatively coupled to the electrochemical sensor, and configured to receive from the electrochemical sensor a plurality of signals from the plurality of respective work electrodes; identify the respective signal corresponding to a respective selected work electrode; and process the identified signal to determine the concentration of the respective analyte associated with the respective selected work electrode.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for measuring an analyte in a biological system. A system may include a medical device with an electrochemical sensor configured to sense the concentration of a plurality of analytes present in a biological system. Processing circuitry of the system may retrieve, identify, and process a respective signal from a respective work electrode to determine the concentration of a respective analyte. The system may further include an implantable medical device configured to sense a cardiac electrogram (EGM). In some examples, the system may be configured to determine one or more patient-specific relationships between the respective signals of the electrochemical sensor and the cardiac EGM during a first period of time. Based on the patient-specific relationships, the system may estimate concentrations of the one or more analytes corresponding to the respective signals based on the cardiac EGM of the patient collected over a second period of time.

Abstract: An analyte sensor apparatus for detecting an analyte in a target environment includes a plurality of electrodes and a controller. The plurality of electrodes may be configured to provide a plurality of electrode signals based on a target environment. The plurality of electrodes may include one or more working electrodes, a first reference electrode, and a second reference electrode. The one or more working electrodes may be configured to provide an analyte signal based on a presence of an analyte in the target environment. The first reference electrode may be configured to provide a first baseline signal of the target environment. The second reference electrode may include a different type of electrode than the first reference electrode. The second reference electrode may be configured to provide a second baseline signal of the target environment. The controller may be operatively coupled to the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A biocompatible medical device may include an electrochemical sensor including a common reference electrode; at least one counter electrode; and a work electrode platform comprising a plurality of respective work electrodes, each respective work electrode electrically coupled to the common reference electrode and comprising a respective reagent substrate configured to react with a respective analyte to produce a respective signal indicative of a concentration of the respective analyte; and processing circuitry operatively coupled to the electrochemical sensor, and configured to receive from the electrochemical sensor a plurality of signals from the plurality of respective work electrodes; identify the respective signal corresponding to a respective selected work electrode; and process the identified signal to determine the concentration of the respective analyte associated with the respective selected work electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and techniques associated with a planar transformer for an apparatus. The planar transformers include a substrate carrying electronic components and a continuous core that is formed by distributing the encapsulant material uniformly around the substrate unit to define a consistent cross-sectional area for the magnetic path. The electronic components include primary windings and secondary windings associated with the transformer. In some embodiments, the encapsulant material is molded to seals air gaps to the substrate unit.

Abstract: An analyte sensor apparatus for detecting an analyte in a target environment includes a plurality of biotransducers and a controller. The plurality of biotransducers are configured to provide a baseline signal, one or more analyte signals, and at least one error condition signal. The plurality of biotransducers at least one reference biotransducer, one or more working biotransducers, and at least one working as reference biotransducer. The controller is operatively coupled to the plurality of biotransducers and is configured to receive the baseline signal, the one or more analyte signals, and the error correction signal. The controller is further configured to determine and/or output one or more adjusted analyte levels using the baseline signal, the one or more analyte signals, and the error correction signal.

Abstract: A biocompatible medical device may include an electrochemical sensor including a common reference electrode; at least one counter electrode; and a work electrode platform comprising a plurality of respective work electrodes, each respective work electrode electrically coupled to the common reference electrode and comprising a respective reagent substrate configured to react with a respective analyte to produce a respective signal indicative of a concentration of the respective analyte; and processing circuitry operatively coupled to the electrochemical sensor, and configured to receive from the electrochemical sensor a plurality of signals from the plurality of respective work electrodes; identify the respective signal corresponding to a respective selected work electrode; and process the identified signal to determine the concentration of the respective analyte associated with the respective selected work electrode.