Abstract: A cell culture method includes performing adherent culture of cells on a coat layer layered on a surface of a cell culture container by placing a culture medium and the cells in the cell culture container. The coat layer includes a layer (i) that includes a layer (i-1) including gelatin or casein and a layer (i-2) that includes a polycationic material and a layer (ii) that is layered on the layer (i) and includes a cell adhesion factor. The layer (ii) is disposed at a position at which the layer (ii) comes into contact with the cells, or the coat layer includes the layer (i) and the layer (i) is disposed at a position at which the layer (i) comes into contact with the cells, and the culture medium includes the cell adhesion factor.

Abstract: A cell-containing structure is provided that allows ready-to-use nerve drug response evaluation with high reproducibility to be easily performed. The cell-containing structure for evaluating an electrical property of neurons includes: (a) a culture surface to which the neurons are able to be adhered; (b) a cell mass that is adhered to the culture surface and contains at least one of the neurons; and (c) a plurality of electrodes for measuring the electrical property of the cell mass, wherein a spontaneous firing frequency of cells contained in the cell mass is 0.25 Hz or more per electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a cell tissue producing method including: a cell adhesive portion forming step of forming a cell adhesive portion formed of a cell adhesive material and having a predetermined shape at a predetermined position over a substrate having a cell non-adhesive surface; and a cell locating step of discharging a cell suspension containing at least cells and a cell drying inhibitor onto the cell adhesive portion in the form of a liquid droplet to locate the cells.

Abstract: This invention is to develop a production method for a cell culture carrier comprising a hydrogel having high shape retainability, and cell culture carrier production device, and to provide a structure composed of a cell culture carrier produced using the same.

Abstract: Provided is a cell-containing container including nerve cells and a medium, in which the nerve cells adhere to a culture surface of the cell-containing container, an adhesion area between the nerve cells and the culture surface is 0.5 mm2 or more per 80,000 nerve cells, and a concentration of glucose in the medium is 1 g/L or higher.

Abstract: A drying suppression device including: a main body housing a well plate; and an openable/closable lid provided on the main body, the main body including: a holder section that holds the well plate; a liquid storage tank that stores liquid; and a support section that supports the holder while keeping the holder section away from an inner bottom surface of the liquid storage tank, wherein, with the lid being closed, an inner space surrounded by the liquid storage tank and the lid communicate with an outside space.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head including: a film member including a discharge hole configured to discharge liquid; and a displacement member configured to displace a position of the film member to discharge the liquid from the discharge hole, wherein an edge of the film member forming the discharge hole has a curve in a cross section of the film member in a thickness direction of the film member, and a surface of the film member includes a passive film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a layered body of cells that is used in a co-culture technique and that is capable of recognizing as paracrine effect of each cell and detecting the effect with high intensity.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid set for a droplet discharging apparatus, the liquid set including: Liquid A containing a multi-branched polymer A, the polymer containing, as a backbone, a polyethylene glycol containing at least three branches, the branches containing one or more electrophilic functional groups in at least one of a side chain(s) and an end(s); and Liquid B containing a multi-branched polymer B, the polymer containing, as a backbone, a polyethylene glycol containing at least three branches, the branches containing one or more nucleophilic functional groups in at least one of a side chain(s) and an end(s); the Liquid A and the Liquid B each having a pH of from 5 to 10, and containing the multi-branched polymer at a concentration of from 0.3% by mass to 20% by mass.

Abstract: Provided is a cell tissue producing method including: a cell adhesive portion forming step of forming a cell adhesive portion formed of a cell adhesive material and having a predetermined shape at a predetermined position over a substrate having a cell non-adhesive surface; and a cell locating step of discharging a cell suspension containing at least cells and a cell drying inhibitor onto the cell adhesive portion in the form of a liquid droplet to locate the cells.

Abstract: A cleaner includes a rectangle elastic blade contacting a surface-moving object in a counter direction to remove an extraneous matter adhering to the surface of the object. An apical surface of the elastic blade in a longitudinal direction comprises a fluorine atom in an amount not less than 16.3% by atom when measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A color image forming method, including: forming electrostatic latent image on electrostatic latent image bearing member; developing the image to form visible image with at least two toners containing releasing agent and selected from black, magenta, cyan and yellow toners; transferring the visible image to recording medium; fixing the transferred image thereon with fixing member having no releasing agent on surface thereof; and forming overcoat layer on the fixed image by polymerizing overcoat composition, wherein when lightness—L1, chromaticity—a1 and chromaticity—b1 according to L*a*b* color system of the fixed image formed with the at least two toners and lightness—L2, chromaticity—a2 and chromaticity-b2 of the fixed image after the overcoat composition is dropped at 0.4 mg/cm2 from height of 10 mm above the fixed image and the overcoat composition is removed after 10 seconds have passed are applied to the following formula (1), color difference ?E* is 3.0 to 30.

Abstract: A protective agent block including metal soap; and boron nitride, wherein the weight ratio Mr of boron nitride to the metal soap is calculated from the relationship 1 based on Raman spectrum measured at each of multiple places on the protective agent block and the average of the measured weight ratios Mr ranges from 0.050 to 0.330 with a variation coefficient of 0.075 or less: Mr=(log(ABN/ASP)+1.3588)/7.7374??Relationship 1 where ABN represents a peak area in a range of from a wavenumber of 1377.837 cm?1 to 1354.695 cm?1 and ASP represents a peak area in a range of from a wavenumber of 1481.012 cm?1 to 1420.264 cm?1.

Abstract: An image forming method including forming an image of a toner including a wax on a recording medium; fixing the toner image using by an oil-less fixing device; and then forming an overcoat layer on the fixed toner image. When a portion of the fixed toner image having the heaviest toner weight is subjected to an ATR FT-IR analysis, a peak area ratio Ab/Aa falls in a range of 3.0 to 7.0 or a peak area ratio Ab?/Aa? falls in a range of 0.004 to 0.014, wherein Aa represents the area of a peak present in a range of 2896 cm?1 to 2943 cm?1, Ab represents the area of a peak present in a range of 2946 cm?1 to 2979 cm?1, Aa? represents the area of a peak present in a range of 791 cm?1 to 860 cm?1, and Ab? represents the area of a peak present in a range of 2834 cm?1 to 2862 cm?1.

Abstract: An image forming method which applies a zinc-containing metal soap to a surface of an intermediate transfer belt including nitrogen on its surface. At least one of the following formulae is satisfied: (1?C/D)×100(%)?(B/A)×100(%)?10(%) (F/E)×100(%)?30(%) wherein A and B represent a percentage content of nitrogen at the surface of the intermediate transfer belt before and after image formation on 1,000 sheets, respectively, C represents a percentage content of zinc at the surface of the intermediate transfer belt after the image formation on 1,000 sheets, D represents a percentage content of zinc based on all elements other than hydrogen in the zinc-containing metal soap, and E and F represent a percentage content of nitrogen at the surface of the intermediate transfer belt before and after application of the metal soap thereto for 5 minutes without image formation, respectively.

Abstract: A cleaner includes a rectangle elastic blade contacting a surface-moving object in a counter direction to remove an extraneous matter adhering to the surface of the object. An apical surface of the elastic blade in a longitudinal direction comprises a fluorine atom in an amount not less than 16.3% by atom when measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A color image forming method, including: forming electrostatic latent image on electrostatic latent image bearing member; developing the image to form visible image with at least two toners containing releasing agent and selected from black, magenta, cyan and yellow toners; transferring the visible image to recording medium; fixing the transferred image thereon with fixing member having no releasing agent on surface thereof; and forming overcoat layer on the fixed image by polymerizing overcoat composition, wherein when lightness-L1, chromaticity-a1 and so chromaticity-b1 according to L*a*b* color system of the fixed image formed with the at least two toners and lightness-L2, chromaticity-a2 and chromaticity-b2 of the fixed image after the overcoat composition is dropped at 0.4 mg/cm2 from height of 10 mm above the fixed image and the overcoat composition is removed after 10 seconds have passed are applied to the following formula (1), color difference ?E* is 3.0 to 30.

Abstract: A cleaning blade for use in an image forming apparatus including a holder, and an elastic blade attached to the holder and in contact with an image bearing member, the elastic blade being impregnated with an acrylate polymer from at least one surface to a depth of from 5 to 100 ?m.

Abstract: An image forming method including forming an image of a toner including a wax on a recording medium; fixing the toner image using by an oil-less fixing device; and then forming an overcoat layer on the fixed toner image. When a portion of the fixed toner image having the heaviest toner weight is subjected to an ATR FT-IR analysis, a peak area ratio Ab/Aa falls in a range of 3.0 to 7.0 or a peak area ratio Ab?/Aa? falls in a range of 0.004 to 0.014, wherein Aa represents the area of a peak present in a range of 2896 cm?1 to 2943 cm?1, Ab represents the area of a peak present in a range of 2946 cm?1 to 2979 cm?1, Aa? represents the area of a peak present in a range of 791 cm?1 to 860 cm?1, and Ab? represents the area of a peak present in a range of 2834 cm?1 to 2862 cm?1.

Abstract: A protective agent block including metal soap; and boron nitride, wherein the weight ratio Mr of boron nitride to the metal soap is calculated from the relationship 1 based on Raman spectrum measured at each of multiple places on the protective agent block and the average of the measured weight ratios Mr ranges from 0.050 to 0.330 with a variation coefficient of 0.075 or less: Mr=(log(ABN/ASP)+1.3588)/7.7374??Relationship 1 where ABN represents a peak area in a range of from a wavenumber of 1377.837 cm?1 to 1354.695 cm?1 and ASP represents a peak area in a range of from a wavenumber of 1481.012 cm?1 to 1420.264 cm?1.