Abstract: Provided are methods of inducing enzymes, and for treating cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass with the enzyme.

Abstract: The invention provides method for producing butanediol and specifically 2,3-butanediol by anaerobic fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO by a culture of at least one micro-organism. In accordance with particular methods of the invention, 2,3-butanediol is produced by anaerobic fermentation of substrates including carbohydrates and carbon monoxide. The invention further provides for the up-regulation of a native 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene in the at least one micro-organism. The 2,3-butanediol can be further converted to compounds such as butene(s), butadiene and methyl ethyl ketone. These compounds can be further converted to chemical products such as 2-butanol.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of a substrate comprising CO. It more particularly relates to the addition of an inorganic sulfur source to a fermentation system such that one or more micro-organisms convert a substrate comprising CO to alcohols. In a particular embodiment, a microbial culture is provided with sodium polysulfide, wherein a substrate comprising CO is converted to products including ethanol and 2,3-butanediol.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of substrates comprising CO. It more particularly relates to the provision of an improved fermentation media, comprising nickel, to a fermentation system such that one or more micro-organisms convert a substrate comprising CO to one or more alcohols, such as ethanol. In particular embodiments, a microbial culture is provided with at least 10 ?M nickel, such that CO uptake by the microbial culture increases and ethanol productivity improves.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of substrates comprising CO. It more particularly relates to processes for the production of alcohols from their corresponding acids in the presence of a substrate comprising CO. In particular embodiments, a fermentation reaction producing acid(s) and optionally alcohol(s) is perturbed such that at least a portion one or more of acid(s) is converted to alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of a substrate comprising CO. It more particularly relates to the provision of an inorganic organic sulfur source to a fermentation system such that one or more micro-organisms convert a substrate comprising CO to alcohols. In a particular embodiment, a microbial culture is provided with sodium polysulfide, wherein a substrate comprising CO is converted to products including ethanol and 2,3-butanediol.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of substrates comprising CO. It more particularly relates to the provision of an improved fermentation media, comprising nickel, to a fermentation system such that one or more micro-organisms convert a substrate comprising CO to one or more alcohols, such as ethanol. In particular embodiments, a microbial culture is provided with at least 10 ?M nickel, such that CO uptake by the microbial culture increases and ethanol productivity improves.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for producing 2,3-butanediol by anaerobic fermentation. According to particular methods of the invention, 2,3-butanediol is produced by anaerobic fermentation of substrates including carbohydrate and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A computer readable storage medium includes executable instructions to analyze sort options associated with an input table and a comparison table. It is determined whether a consistent sort can be performed by a first database associated with the input table and a second database associated with the comparison table. A first sort operation is performed on the input table at the first database and a second sort operation is performed on the comparison table at the second database when a consistent sort can be achieved. Sort operations on the input table and the comparison table are executed at a common sort engine when a consistent sort cannot be performed by the first database and the second database.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of substrates comprising CO. It more particularly relates to processes for the production of alcohols from their corresponding acids in the presence of a substrate comprising CO. In particular embodiments, a fermentation reaction producing acid(s) and optionally alcohol(s) is perturbed such that at least a portion one or more of acid(s) is converted to alcohol.

Abstract: A computer readable medium includes executable instructions to audit data migration. The executable instructions include instructions to define a data migration path from a source to a target. Audit points are specified within the data migration path. Audit statistics to be generated at the audit points are identified. The audit statistics including data corresponding to individual data values transmitted over the data migration path. Audit rules to be applied against the audit statistics are established.

Abstract: A computer readable storage medium includes executable instructions to analyze sort options associated with an input table and a comparison table. It is determined whether a consistent sort can be performed by a first database associated with the input table and a second database associated with the comparison table. A first sort operation is performed on the input table at the first database and a second sort operation is performed on the comparison table at the second database when a consistent sort can be achieved. Sort operations on the input table and the comparison table are executed at a common sort engine when a consistent sort cannot be performed by the first database and the second database.

Abstract: A computer readable medium includes executable instructions to audit data migration. The executable instructions include instructions to define a data migration path from a source to a target. Audit points are specified within the data migration path. Audit statistics to be generated at the audit points are identified. The audit statistics including data corresponding to individual data values transmitted over the data migration path. Audit rules to be applied against the audit statistics are established.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interfacing with a stateless NFS (Network File System) server. A pseudo-open state is created for a file when a request from a network client for accessing the file is received in a network server. The term pseudo-open data relates to a set of data that is kept in a network server. The pseudo-open describes the state of a file being currently accessed via an NFS server in the network server. The pseudo-open data differs from normal file state data in that it can be created or recreated at will, thus preserving the stateless functionality of the NFS server. Thus, if a request is received at any time and there is no pseudo-open state established for the file, the pseudo-open state will be established or reestablished at that time. If, on the other hand, a request is received for which a pseudo-open state already exists, the overhead of creating the pseudo-open state is avoided, and the existing data is used. The pseudo-open state is stored in a file-system data structure called VNODE.