Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having brightness uniformity at its front and lateral sides is provided according to one or more embodiments. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal display device includes a reflection sheet reflecting light, an optical plate including a substrate for guiding light, a height-varying portion formed on one surface of the substrate, not facing the reflection sheet, and a prism pattern formed on the height-varying portion, and a plurality of light sources arranged on one lateral surface of the optical plate in a first direction so as to correspond to a position of the height-varying portion having a height not greater than an average height from the one surface of the substrate to the height-varying portion, wherein the prism pattern extends in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and the average height is in a range of about 0.1% to about 10% of the thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display including: a lower display panel including a lower insulating substrate and a lower reflective layer; an upper display panel including an upper insulating substrate and an upper reflective layer; a liquid crystal layer positioned between the lower reflective layer of the lower display panel and the upper reflective layer of the upper display panel; and a backlight unit positioned on a lower portion of the lower display panel and including a light source, wherein a pair of field generating electrodes are formed in at least one display panel of the lower display panel and the upper display panel, wherein microcavities are formed in the lower reflective layer, the upper reflective layer, and the liquid crystal layer, and wherein a wavelength and luminance of light resonated and emitted in the microcavities are changed by an electric field generated by the field generating electrodes.

Abstract: A diffusing unit includes: a polarizing plate; and a diffusing layer integrally provided on a surface of the polarizing plate without an air layer therebetween. By using a display apparatus employing a collimating light guide plate and the diffusing unit, the optical performances such as resolution and viewing angle can be improved. Also, because gray scale inversion and color shifts can be reduced or eliminated using collimated light, image quality of the display apparatus can be improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has brightness uniformity at its front and lateral sides. The liquid crystal display device includes a reflection sheet reflecting light; an optical plate including a substrate for guiding light, a height-varying portion formed on one surface of the substrate, not facing the reflection sheet, and a prism pattern formed on the height-varying portion; and a plurality of light sources arranged on one lateral surface of the optical plate in a first direction so as to correspond to a position of the height-varying portion having a height not greater than an average height from the one surface of the substrate to the height-varying portion. The prism pattern extends in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The average height is in a range of about 0.1% to about 10% of the thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: A light sensing assembly includes a first light guide plate (“LGP”), a light-emitting diode (“LED”) part, an infrared LED part, a second LGP and a first sensor array. The LED part is at a side portion of the first LGP and emits white lights of a displayed image. The infrared LED part emits infrared lights of a detected touch. The second LGP is below the first LGP. The second LGP guides a path of the infrared lights of the detected touch inputted in accordance with a touch operation. The first sensor array is at a side portion of the second LGP and senses the reflected infrared lights which are guided by the second LGP.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes forming a layer composed of a ketene based random copolymer on a substrate, forming a block copolymer on the ketene based random copolymer layer and patterning the ketene based random copolymer layer by removing a part of the block copolymer and a portion of the ketene based random copolymer layer.

Abstract: The backlight assembly includes a light source part and a light guide plate. The light source part generates a first light beam. The light guide plate has a plurality of light guide blocks. Each of the light guide blocks has a light incident surface, an opposite surface, a light emitting surface, and an inclined surface. The light incident surface receives the first light beam. The opposite surface is located opposite to the light incident surface, has a convex shape with respect to the light incident surface, and reflects the first light beam and converts the first light beam into a second light beam. The light emitting surface emits the second light beam. The inclined surface is inclined with respect to the light emitting surface.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display including: a lower display panel including a lower insulating substrate and a lower reflective layer; an upper display panel including an upper insulating substrate and an upper reflective layer; a liquid crystal layer positioned between the lower reflective layer of the lower display panel and the upper reflective layer of the upper display panel; and a backlight unit positioned on a lower portion of the lower display panel and including a light source, wherein a pair of field generating electrodes are formed in at least one display panel of the lower display panel and the upper display panel, wherein microcavities are formed in the lower reflective layer, the upper reflective layer, and the liquid crystal layer, and wherein a wavelength and luminance of light resonated and emitted in the microcavities are changed by an electric field generated by the field generating electrodes.

Abstract: A random copolymer having a structure represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R is phosphonic acid, Me is a methyl group, x is a number of styrene units, and y is a number of methyl methacrylate units.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an elemental image by an integral image technique are provided. The method includes normalizing coordinates of dots in a frustum formed in perspective projection by mapping the dots in the frustum into a cube; reversing a grade of depth of the cube viewed from a particular viewpoint; and generating a two-dimensional (2D) elemental image necessary for three-dimensional (3D) display from dots in the cube whose grade of depth is reversed.

Abstract: A light guiding bar includes first and second light incident portions, a light exit portion and a reflecting portion. The first and second light incident portions are at opposite ends of the light guiding bar and receive light. The light exit portion extends in a first direction, and partially totally reflects and partially emits the light according to an incident angle. The reflecting portion extends in the first direction, is adjacent to the light exit portion and includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces. Each of the reflecting surfaces has a wedge shape and reflects the light in a direction inclined with respect to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The light incident into the first and second light incident portions and directly on the light exit portion is totally reflected by the light exit portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, and a first optical conversion layer disposed on the first substrate. The first optical conversion layer includes a reflecting unit reflecting incident light, and a polarizing unit. The polarizing unit transmits light which oscillates in a first direction among the incident light, and reflects light which oscillates in a second direction different from the first direction among the incident light. The reflecting unit and the polarizing unit of the first optical conversion layer may be disposed in at least one pixel area.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment of the present invention, a photoresist pattern is formed on a base substrate including a neutral layer. A sacrifice structure including a first sacrifice block and a second sacrifice block is formed on the base substrate having the photoresist pattern, and the sacrifice structure is formed from a first thin film including a first block copolymer. Thus, a chemical pattern is formed to form a nano-structure. Therefore, the nano-structure may be easily formed on a substrate having a large size by using a block copolymer, and productivity and manufacturing reliability may be improved.

Abstract: A parallax barrier panel includes a first and second substrate and a fluidic layer disposed therebetween. The first substrate includes first electrode parts, a water-repellent layer and a partition wall. Each of the first electrode parts includes a main electrode and a first notch electrode and a second notch electrode. The main electrode extends in a first direction on a first base substrate. The first and second notch electrodes are adjacent to respective ends of the main electrode. The first and second notch electrodes extend along the main electrode in the first direction. The second substrate includes a second electrode part and a second base substrate, the second electrode part being disposed on the second base substrate. The second base substrate is disposed opposite to the first base substrate. The fluidic layer controls a light transmittance according to a voltage difference between the first and second electrode parts.

Abstract: A random copolymer having a structure represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R is phosphonic acid, Me is a methyl group, x is a number of styrene units, and y is a number of methyl methacrylate units.

Abstract: A light sensing assembly includes a first light guide plate (“LGP”), a light-emitting diode (“LED”) part, an infrared LED part, a second LGP and a first sensor array. The LED part is at a side portion of the first LGP and emits white lights of a displayed image. The infrared LED part emits infrared lights of a detected touch. The second LGP is below the first LGP. The second LGP guides a path of the infrared lights of the detected touch inputted in accordance with a touch operation. The first sensor array is at a side portion of the second LGP and senses the reflected infrared lights which are guided by the second LGP.

Abstract: A light guiding bar includes first and second light incident portions, a light exit portion and a reflecting portion. The first and second light incident portions are at opposite ends of the light guiding bar and receive light. The light exit portion extends in a first direction, and partially totally reflects and partially emits the light according to an incident angle. The reflecting portion extends in the first direction, is adjacent to the light exit portion and includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces. Each of the reflecting surfaces has a wedge shape and reflects the light in a direction inclined with respect to a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The light incident into the first and second light incident portions and directly on the light exit portion is totally reflected by the light exit portion.

Abstract: A polarization converting system and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The polarization converting system includes a polarization splitting unit splitting incident unpolarized light into two orthogonal polarizations and a polarization converting unit converting incident light into specific polarized light. The polarization converting unit has first and second regions that correspond to the polarization splitting unit and are different in a polarization converting extent from each other.

Abstract: The backlight assembly includes a light source part and a light guide plate. The light source part generates a first light beam. The light guide plate has a plurality of light guide blocks. Each of the light guide blocks has a light incident surface, an opposite surface, a light emitting surface, and an inclined surface. The light incident surface receives the first light beam. The opposite surface is located opposite to the light incident surface, has a convex shape with respect to the light incident surface, and reflects the first light beam and converts the first light beam into a second light beam. The light emitting surface emits the second light beam. The inclined surface is inclined with respect to the light emitting surface.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes forming a layer composed of a ketene based random copolymer on a substrate, forming a block copolymer on the ketene based random copolymer layer and patterning the ketene based random copolymer layer by removing a part of the block copolymer and a portion of the ketene based random copolymer layer.