Abstract: Disclosed embodiments are directed to providing an apparatus and method for summarizing information using a generative artificial intelligence model that is capable of generating an answer sentence and an image summarizing and organizing numerous information associated with a user's search term using a pre-trained generative artificial intelligence model, and generating and providing answer content that includes the generated sentence and image.

Abstract: A method of providing fouling control in a membrane system includes generating a sacrificial protective layer (PL) on a surface of a membrane of the membrane system by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer, removing the PL from the membrane with a saline solution after the PL is fouled, and regenerating a new PL on the surface of the membrane by coating the membrane with at least one polyelectrolyte layer such that foulants present in a feed water accumulate on the PL, rather than on the membrane. The method further comprises one or more of the following: a) the saline solution is being applied with a shear force; b) the pH value of the saline solution is substantially neutral; c) the saline solution is non-toxic; d) the PL is removed without a backwash; e) the PL is not an active filtration layer, wherein a pore size of the PL is greater than a pore size of the membrane; and/or f) the PL is not disposed in pores of the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanocomposite ultra-thin separation membrane and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the nanocomposite ultra-thin separation membrane for seawater desalination according to the present invention includes: 1) a polyamide-based polymer active layer; 2) a polyethersulfone support membrane; 3) an external support body; and 4) carbon nanotube, to remarkably improve hydrophilicity of the porous support membrane, thereby having more than doubled water permeability of the entire separation film. In addition, due to a physiochemical reaction of the functionalized carbon nanotube, a support membrane exposed to air for a long period of time is also usable as a lower body of the ultra-thin separation membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multilayer membrane containing carbon nanotube manufactured by a layer-by-layer assembly method, the multilayer membrane according to the present invention having excellent (i) flux property, (ii) anti-fouling (in particular, anti-protein-fouling) property, and (iii) flux recovery property by a simple water cleaning process even after the membrane is fouled.

Abstract: Provided are 1-phenylpiperidin-3-one derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, having cysteine protease inhibitory activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same as an active ingredient, and processes for the preparation thereof.