Abstract: A positive electrode active material including a first lithium composite oxide particle including a secondary particle formed by aggregation of one or more primary particles, and a coating oxide occupying at least a part of at least one of surfaces of the secondary particle, grain boundaries between the primary particles, or surfaces of the primary particles, the positive electrode active material satisfying an equation of 1.3?a/b?3.0, wherein a represents a max peak intensity at 2theta=44.75° to 44.80° and b represents a max peak intensity at 2theta=45.3° to 45.6° in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using Cu K? radiation.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the disclosure, a game providing method is provided. The game providing method includes: displaying a game interface comprising a plurality of tiles and a plurality of blocks respectively arranged on the plurality of tiles; changing an arrangement of the plurality of blocks on the plurality of tiles by identifying at least three blocks which satisfy a predetermined condition based on a user interaction; displaying a first graphic representation regarding the at least three blocks; and displaying a second graphic representation regarding at least three tiles respectively corresponding to the at least three blocks based on types of the at least three tiles.

Abstract: A polyimide copolymer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of structural units. The plurality of structural units include a structural unit derived from dianhydride having an alicyclic structure and a structural unit derived from aromatic diamine including an ether group, thereby mechanical properties, thermal stability and optical characteristics of the polyimide film may be improved.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the disclosure, a game providing method is provided. The game providing method includes: displaying a game interface comprising a plurality of tiles and a plurality of blocks respectively arranged on the plurality of tiles; changing an arrangement of the plurality of blocks on the plurality of tiles by identifying at least three blocks which satisfy a predetermined condition based on a user interaction; displaying a first graphic representation regarding the at least three blocks; and displaying a second graphic representation regarding at least three tiles respectively corresponding to the at least three blocks based on types of the at least three tiles.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus to improve stability and efficiency during data transmission performed over a wireless network includes transmitting a first data frame containing a plurality of data units to a receiving device, receiving from the receiving device a receipt of confirmation for each data unit received by the receiving device, and transmitting a second data frame containing at least one of the plurality of data units that have not been transmitted or received, according to the receipt of confirmation for each data unit received by the receiving device.

Abstract: A method of packaging broadcast contents are provided. The method includes: extracting a copy control bit from input broadcast contents and determining whether the broadcast contents will be stored after being encrypted based on the extracted copy control bit; creating usage rule information which includes an encryption method of the broadcast contents if it is determined that the broadcast contents will be stored after being encrypted; extracting the copy control bit from each new broadcast content sequentially input and detecting broadcast contents which include copy control bits indicating that the broadcast contents will be stored without being encrypted; and encrypting the input broadcast contents through the broadcast contents before the detected broadcast contents using the encryption method and packaging and storing the encrypted broadcast contents and the usage rule information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encrypting or decrypting digital content are provided. In the method, a binding range is selected from a plurality of binding ranges of content use based on license information of the content, and the content is encrypted based on the selected binding range so that the content can be used only within the selected binding range. Accordingly, it is possible to limit content use to a plurality of binding ranges of use of the content, using license information of the content.

Abstract: Provided is a method of key agreement between devices. Using the method, two devices on a network can exchange information using polynomials of a polynomial ring, authenticate each other using the exchanged information, and generate a shared key. Accordingly, an authenticated key agreement protocol, which has better security and a faster processing speed than a conventional encoding system, can be realized.

Abstract: Provided is a method of restricting use of contents in a virtual system comprising at least one virtual machine implemented by applying virtualization technology to a predetermined device. The method includes: reading a first device identifier from the device in order to identify the device; reading a second device identifier, which is a device identifier allocated to the at least one virtual machine, from the at least one virtual machine; determining whether the first device identifier is identical to the second device identifier; and selectively restricting use of contents in the at least one virtual machine based on a result of the determining.

Abstract: Provided is a method of key agreement between devices. Using the method, two devices on a network can exchange information using polynomials of a polynomial ring, authenticate each other using the exchanged information, and generate a shared key. Accordingly, an authenticated key agreement protocol, which has better security and a faster processing speed than a conventional encoding system, can be realized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encrypting or decrypting digital content are provided. In the method, a binding range is selected from a plurality of binding ranges of content use based on license information of the content, and the content is encrypted based on the selected binding range so that the content can be used only within the selected binding range. Accordingly, it is possible to limit content use to a plurality of binding ranges of use of the content, using license information of the content.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus to improve stability and efficiency during data transmission performed over a wireless network includes transmitting a first data frame containing a plurality of data units to a receiving device, receiving from the receiving device a receipt of confirmation for each data unit received by the receiving device, and transmitting a second data frame containing at least one of the plurality of data units that have not been transmitted or received, according to the receipt of confirmation for each data unit received by the receiving device.

Abstract: A method of packaging broadcast contents are provided. The method includes: extracting a copy control bit from input broadcast contents and determining whether the broadcast contents will be stored after being encrypted based on the extracted copy control bit; creating usage rule information which includes an encryption method of the broadcast contents if it is determined that the broadcast contents will be stored after being encrypted; extracting the copy control bit from each new broadcast content sequentially input and detecting broadcast contents which include copy control bits indicating that the broadcast contents will be stored without being encrypted; and encrypting the input broadcast contents through the broadcast contents before the detected broadcast contents using the encryption method and packaging and storing the encrypted broadcast contents and the usage rule information.

Abstract: A method of transmitting copy control information in a video data transmitting/receiving system is provided. The method includes: decoding compressed contents into prior-to-compression contents; generating packets including the decoded contents and the copy control information; and transmitting the packets through a predetermined link. An unauthorized copying of the decoded video data is prevented.

Abstract: A method for a first device which is a member of a parent piconet and a child PNC of its child piconet to communicate with a second device existing in either the parent piconet or the child piconet, including the steps of generating a command frame to request a channel time for communication with the second device by use of an identifier to identify the piconet and the device ID uniquely allotted to a device and transmitting the generated command frame to a parent PNC, receiving the channel time allotted from the parent PNC to which the command frame has been transmitted, during which the first device and the second device are allowed for communication, and allowing data to be transmitted and received between the first device and the second device during the allotted channel time. Correct communication can be made between two devices although they have identical device IDs.