Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for operating carbon oxide (COx) reduction reactors (CRRs) for producing methane (CH4). Embodiments of the systems and methods may also be used for producing other organic compounds including alcohols, carboxylic acids, and other hydrocarbons such as ethylene (CH2CH2). According to various embodiments, the systems and methods may be characterized by one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) includes a cathode catalyst layer with a relatively low catalyst loading. In some embodiments, a bipolar MEA includes a thin cation-conducting layer and a thin anion-conducting layer, with the cation-conducting layer being thicker than the anion-conducting layer. In other embodiments a pure anion exchange polymer only membrane may be used to bridge the cathode catalyst and the anode catalyst. These and other features are described further below.

Abstract: Described is a modular microfluidic device (MMD) for producing an analytic composition from a biological fluid sample, said device comprising a reagent module (RM) comprising a reagent reservoir containing a reagent and an eluent reservoir containing an eluent, said reagent and eluent reservoirs being coupled to one or more RM microchannels; and a sample preparation module (SPM) comprising a SPM microchannel adapted to couple with the RM microchannel whereby fluid continuity between SPM and RM microchannels is produced on coupling, and: (i) a sample inlet for receiving said biological fluid sample; (ii) an outlet for delivering said analyte composition; (iii) a sensor component; (iv) a mixing chamber; (v) a metering chamber; (vi) an eluent chamber; (vii) a valve; and (viii) a solid phase extraction element (SPE); wherein said metering chamber is of fixed volume and shape and substantially ellipsoidal, the metering chamber having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet and/or outlet being in fluid communication wit

Abstract: Described is a modular microfluidic device (MMD) for producing an analyte composition from a biological fluid sample, said device comprising: (a) a reagent module (RM) comprising a reagent reservoir containing a reagent and an eluent reservoir containing an eluent, said reagent and eluent reservoirs being coupled to one or more RM microchannels; and (b) a sample preparation module (SPM) comprising a SPM microchannel adapted to couple with the RM microchannel whereby fluid continuity between SPM and RM microchannels is produced on coupling, and: (i) a sample inlet for receiving said biological fluid sample; (ii) an outlet for delivering said analyte composition; (iii) a mixing chamber; (v) a metering chamber; (vi) an eluent chamber; (vii) a valve; (viii) a solid phase extraction element (SPE); and (ix) an aspirator in fluid communication with the sample inlet of the SPM for withdrawing an aliquot of said biological fluid when contained in a sample vessel, said aspirator being operably coupled to a pneumatic fl

Abstract: Apparatus for distributing a solid, gel, powder, granular, liquid or viscous liquid test substance in an extraction fluid comprises: a) a flow cell for holding the test substance comprising an extraction chamber of uniform cross-sectional area, a grinding surface, an extraction fluid inlet and an extract outlet; b) a grinding head disposed within the extraction chamber and adapted to reciprocate therein; and c) a recirculating pump for driving extraction fluid: (i) into the flow cell via the extraction fluid inlet; (ii) through the extraction chamber; and (iii) back to the flow cell via the extract outlet.

Abstract: Described is a modular microfluidic device (MMD) for producing an analyte composition from a biological fluid sample, said device comprising: (a) a reagent module (RM) comprising a reagent reservoir containing a reagent and an eluent reservoir containing an eluent, said reagent and eluent reservoirs being coupled to one or more RM microchannels; and (b) a sample preparation module (SPM) comprising a SPM microchannel adapted to couple with the RM microchannel whereby fluid continuity between SPM and RM microchannels is produced on coupling, and: (i) a sample inlet for receiving said biological fluid sample; (ii) an outlet for delivering said analyte composition; (iii) a mixing chamber; (v) a metering chamber; (vi) an eluent chamber; (vii) a valve; (viii) a solid phase extraction element (SPE); and (ix) an aspirator in fluid communication with the sample inlet of the SPM for withdrawing an aliquot of said biological fluid when contained in a sample vessel, said aspirator being operably coupled to a pneumatic fl

Abstract: The present invention relates to a label printer that has a plurality of keys for defining a label to be printed. Such keys include keys for defining the format of the label. The label printer also includes a display for displaying an image of the label, a printing unit for printing the label and a control unit for controlling the label printer to operate in a layout mode. In the layout mode, the control unit causes the display to display an image of the label in a selected label format and a plurality of layout parameters for defining the label format. Each of the layout parameters is alterable. Thereby, the label image displayed on the display alters with each selection of one of the layout parameters by actuating the format keys.

Abstract: A label printer having a plurality of input keys for inputting data defining a label image to be printed on an image receiving medium. The input keys include a plurality of data entry keys for entering character data and a plurality of function keys for use in controlling printing of the character data. The label printer includes a display area for displaying information relating to a label image to be printed, a printing unit for printing the label image and a controller for controlling operation of the label printer and including addressing unit for addressing the display area. The display area comprises first and second display zones, each being selectively addressable by the addressing unit to display information relating to the label image. The first display zone is addressable to display a plurality of editing options in relation to each function key.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a label printer that has a plurality of keys for defining a label to be printed. Such keys include keys for defining the format of the label. The label printer also includes a display for displaying an image of the label, a printing unit for printing the label and a control unit for controlling the label printer to operate in a layout mode. In the layout mode, the control unit causes the display to display an image of the label in a selected label format and a plurality of layout parameters for defining the label format. Each of the layout parameters is alterable. Thereby, the label image displayed on the display alters with each selection of one of the layout parameters by actuating the format keys.

Abstract: A tape printing device for printing frames with complicated shapes on a label. The device includes a mechanism for inputting a plurality of characters, selecting a frame from a plurality of frames of different shape, and generating print data for the characters and the selected frame. Also, a print head is used for printing the characters and the frames onto the tape according to the generated print data. Only a small amount of memory is required to represent frames, and the operator is offered a large selection of frames. Instead of storing dot patterns for each frame, each frame is represented with a program which can be executed on the tape printing device to generate the pixel pattern corresponding to the selected frame and to print the selected frame on the receiving medium according to the generated pixel pattern. Since the programs generate the pixel pattern dynamically as required by the operator of the device, less memory is required than prior art devices.