Abstract: Stainless steel is improved in anti-microbial property by the addition of Cu in an amount of 0.4-5.0 wt. % and the precipitation of Cu-rich phase at the ratio of 0.2 vol. % or more. The Cu-rich phase is precipitated as minute particles uniformly dispersed in the matrix not only at the surface layer but also at the interior by heat treatment such as annealing or aging at 500.degree.-900.degree.. Since the anti-microbial property is derived from the material itself, the underlying stainless steel does not lose the excellent anti-microbial property even after it is polished or mechanically worked. Due to the anti-microbial property, the stainless steel is useful as material in various fields requiring sanitary environments, for example, kitchen goods, electric home appliances, devices or tools at hospitals, parts or interiors for building and grips or poles for electric trains or buses.

Abstract: A metal strip is continuously cast through a gap of a pair of internally cooled rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other having a pair of side dams disposed on both sides of the rolls and a pair of longitudinal dams disposed with their bottom surfaces held slightly above the roll surfaces so that openings are formed between the bottom surfaces of the longitudinal dams and the roll surfaces and that during steady state operation of the apparatus the openings are positioned at a level of the surface of molten metal in the pool. The longitudinal dams are capable of preventing formation of triple point solidified shells and make it possible that the surface of molten metal may come in contact with the surfaces of the rolls while forming the transversely uniform contacting edges, and therefore, the apparatus produces metal strips having enhanced surface quality which are substantially free from molten metal wrinkles.

Abstract: A twin roll continuous casting apparatus for continuously casting a metal strip through a gap of a pair of internally cooled rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other having a pair of side dams disposed on both sides of the rolls wherein each side dam is made of an abradable refractory and forcibly fed in the casting direction, and wherein portions of the circumferential surfaces of the rolls contacting the side dams are formed into rough surfaces having an abrading ability and each of said portions having rough surfaces comprises a member removably fixed to the entity of the roll.

Abstract: Proposed herein is a twin roll continuous casting apparatus for continuously casting a metal strip through a gap of a pair of internally cooled rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other having a pair of abradable side dams disposed on both sides of the rolls so that at least a portion of the thickness of each of the side dams is located on the circumferential surfaces of the rolls to form a pool of molten metal on the circumferential surfaces of the rolls, and a mechanism for feeding each of the side dams in the casting direction, each side dam comprising an assembly of successively stacked unit blocks in which one unit block except for the lowest one is placed one another unit block so that no clearance is formed between the lower end of the former and the upper end of the latter, portions of the circumferential surfaces of the rolls contacting the side dams being formed into rough surfaces having abrading ability.

Abstract: A twin roll continuous casting apparatus for continuously casting a metal strip through a gap of a pair of internally cooled rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other having a pair of side dams disopsed on both sides of the rolls wherein each side dam comprises an upper dam which is made of an abradable refractory and forcibly fed in the casting direction and a movable lower dam which is disposed near the narrowest position of the rolls and caused to move synchronously with the strip being cast in the same direction, whereby the casting proceeds while bottom surfaces of both the upper dams are abrasively worn by circumferential surfaces of the rolls.

Abstract: A twin roll continuous casting apparatus for continuously casting a metal strip through a gap of a pair of internally cooled rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other having a pair of abradable side dams disposed on both sides of the rolls wherein a vessel for a pool of molten metals provided, at least a portion of the bottom or sides of the vessel slidably contacting the circumferential surface of the lower roll.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus for continuously casting metal strip through a gap between a pair of opposite internal cooling rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other, wherein side dams have the bottom surfaces contacting the circumferential surfaces of both rolls and made of refractories having satisfactory abrasiveness, and a mechanism is provided for feeding the side dams in the casting direction at a predetermined speed, the circumferential surface portion of the roll contacting the side dam being formed into a rough surface having grindability, whereby the movement of the side dam by the feeding mechanism is carried out through the wear of the side dam caused by the grinding of the rough surface.

Abstract: In a twin roll system continuous casting machine for continuously casting a steel plate through a gap between a pair of internal cooling rolls rotating in the opposite direction to each other, a continuous casting apparatus for steel plate comprises side dams installed on both sides of the pair of rolls to form a pouring basin on the circumferential surfaces of the pair of rolls, the side dams consisting of fixed side dams contacting molten steel in the pouring basin and movable side dams installed below the fixed side dams and substantially without contacting the molten steel in the pouring basin and moving in the same direction as the cast plate.

Abstract: A process for dephosphorization, desulfurization and denitrification of chromium-containing pig iron comprising contacting the melt of said iron with a slag comprising not less than 10% and less than 40% of CaO, not less than 5% and not more than 40% of iron oxides and more than 40% and not more than 80% of CaF.sub.2 in which the content of SiO.sub.2 as an impurity is not more than 10% and that the ratio %CaO/%SiO.sub.2 is not less than 3 is disclosed. According to this process, oxidation dephosphorization of chromium-containing pig iron is effectively and economically achieved. Simultaneously desulfurization and denitrification thereof are effected, too.

Abstract: A process for dephosphorization-denitrification of Cr-containing pig iron by oxidizing refining is disclosed. Said process comprises maintaining the C concentration of the molten metal at not less than 2%, contacting it with a slag comprising at least one of fluorides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals, at least one of oxides, hydroxides and carbonate of alkali metals, at least one of oxides of iron and nickel, while controlling oxidation of Cr.

Abstract: A process for dephosphorization-denitrification of Cr-containing pig iron by oxidizing refining is disclosed. Said process comprises maintaining the Si content of the molten iron at not more than 0.2%, contacting it with a slag comprising at least one of fluorides and chlorides of alkaline earth metals, at least one of lithium oxide and carbonate, and at least one of oxides of iron and nickel, while controlling oxidation of Cr.