Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate including protruding structures on the surface and a hard coat layer formed on the substrate. An irregular shape is formed by the structures. An irregular shape resembling the irregular shape of the substrate is formed on a surface of the hard coat layer and is smoother than the that of the substrate. The size of bottoms of the structures changes at random within the range of the minimum distance Rm to the maximum distance RM (Rm: minimum value of the shortest distance from the center of gravity of the bottom of the structure to the rim of the bottom, RM: maximum value of the longest distance from the center of gravity of the bottom of the structure to the rim of the bottom). Neighboring structures have bottoms in contact or substantially in contact with one another. Rm and RM satisfy Rm/RM?0.9.

Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate including protruding structures on the surface and a hard coat layer formed on the substrate. An irregular shape is formed by the structures. An irregular shape resembling the irregular shape of the substrate is formed on a surface of the hard coat layer and is smoother than the that of the substrate. The size of bottoms of the structures changes at random within the range of the minimum distance Rm to the maximum distance RM (Rm: minimum value of the shortest distance from the center of gravity of the bottom of the structure to the rim of the bottom, RM: maximum value of the longest distance from the center of gravity of the bottom of the structure to the rim of the bottom). Neighboring structures have bottoms in contact or substantially in contact with one another. Rm and RM satisfy Rm/RM?0.9.

Abstract: An ultrasonic vibration method and an ultrasonic vibration apparatus, which do not have a directional property in the direction of vibrations, are disclosed. A pair of ultrasonic horns (11), (12), each having an ultrasonic vibrator (13), (14) provided at an end portion thereof, are disposed in an intersecting relationship to each other, and the composite vibrations of transverse vibrations produced by the pair of ultrasonic horns (11), (12) when the other ultrasonic horns (12), (11) are excited to generate longitudinal vibrations are extracted at the intersecting point of the pair of horns (11), (12) and applied to a contact object member through a presser (22).

Abstract: An ultrasonic vibration method and an ultrasonic vibration apparatus which do not have a directional property in the direction of vibrations are disclosed. A pair of ultrasonic horns (11), (12) each having an ultrasonic vibrator (13), (14) provided at an end portion thereof are disposed in an intersecting relationship to each other, and composite vibrations of transverse vibrations produced by the pair of ultrasonic horns (11), (12) when the other ultrasonic horns (12), (11) are excited to generate longitudinal vibrations are extracted at the intersecting point of the pair of horns (11), (12) and applied to a contact object member through a presser (22).

Abstract: An assembling device for supplying and assembling a part on an object has a table and a first moving portion disposed above the table, where the first moving portion includes a guide and a movable body. The guide extends in a first direction parallel to a surface of the table out of a range in which the table is positioned. The movable body is movable to a position out of the range in which the table is positioned. The assembling device also has a second moving portion disposed on the table and movable in a second direction transverse to the first direction, the object being mounted on the second moving portion.

Abstract: An assembling device for supplying and assembling a part on an object has a table and a first moving means disposed above the table, wherein the first moving means includes a guide and a movable body. The guide extends in a first direction parallel to a surface of the table out of a range in which the table is positioned. The movable body is movable to a position out of the range in which the table is positioned. The assembling device also has a second moving means disposed on the table and movable in a second direction transverse to the first direction, the object being mounted on the second moving means.

Abstract: A robot has a base shaft portion disposed on a base, a first arm attached in a rotatable state to the base shaft portion, and a second arm attached in a rotatable state to the first arm. Balance setting is performed so as to position the center of gravity of the second arm above the rotation shaft of the second arm. A housing to which the motor, whose driving power is transmitted to a rotation shaft of the second arm by a steel belt, and harmonic reduction gear for rotating the second arm are fixed, is supported in a rotatable state with respect to the first arm, the drive shaft of the motor being disposed substantially coaxial with a rotation shaft of the first arm. A support arm of the housing is supported in a rotatable and slidable state along the length direction of the first arm by a support member fixed to the base shaft portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a robot for ejecting an object mounted to a movable body from the movable body, including: a holding section for holding said object mounted on the movable body; and a moving section for ejecting the object from the movable body by movement of the holding section; wherein the moving section includes a first guide section meshing with the holding section for linearly moving the holding section in a first direction by rotation with respect to the action of the movable body; and a second guide section for rotating the holding section in a second direction along with the rotation of the guide section directed in the first direction. The first guide section may be composed of a ball screw, the holding section has a nut, and the ball screw meshes with the nut. Moreover, the second guide means may be composed of a cam and a cam follower meshing with the cam. Additionally, the movable body may be composed of a movable die of a molding machine.

Abstract: A glass tube bending apparatus according to the present invention includes a drum for bending a heated/softened glass tube into a circular shape, a first driving device, coupled to the drum, for moving the drum straight, and a second driving device, coupled to the drum, for rotating the drum in a direction, and a control for independently controlling the rotating speed and the moving speed of the drum. According to this apparatus, the operation speeds of rotating and moving of the drum can be controlled independently. Therefore, distortion of glass tubes can be decreased, and thermal bending of tubes can be performed with high precision. Further, various sorts of glass tubes can be treated. Still further, since the first driving device and the second driving device are operated in synchronism, the precision of the thermal bending of glass tubes is enhanced.