Abstract: A process and a process plant for production of elemental sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15 vol % to 100 vol % H2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen, b) directing s to a reaction furnace operating at elevated temperature, c) cooling, d) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, e) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elemental sulfur, f) directing to a means for sulfur oxidation, g) directing to contact a material catalytically active in SO2 oxidation to SO3, h) converting to concentrated sulfuric acid, i) recycling to the Claus reaction furnace, wherein an amount of combustibles, in the Claus tail gas, is oxidized in the presence of a material catalytically active in sulfur oxidation, at an inlet temperature below 400° C.

Abstract: A process plant and a process for production of sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15% to 100 vol % H2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen, b) directing to a Claus reaction furnace operating at elevated temperature, c) cooling to provide a cooled Claus converter feed gas, d) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, e) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elementary sulfur, f) directing a stream comprising said Claus tail gas to a Claus tail gas treatment, wherein sulfuric acid directed to said Claus reaction furnace is in the form of droplets with 90% of the mass of the droplets having a diameter below 500 ?m, with the associated benefit of such a process efficiently converting all liquid H2SO4 to gaseous H2SO4 and further to SO2.

Abstract: A revamp process for modifying a sulfur abatement plant including a Claus process plant, the Claus process plant including a Claus reaction furnace and one or more Claus conversion stages, each Claus conversion stage including a conversion reactor and a means for elemental sulfur condensation, and a means of Claus tail gas oxidation configured for receiving a Claus tail gas from said Claus process plant and configured for providing an oxidized Claus tail gas, the process revamp including: a) providing a sulfuric acid producing tail gas treatment plant producing sulfuric acid, and b) providing a means for transferring an amount or all of the sulfuric acid produced in said sulfuric acid producing tail gas treatment plant to said Claus reaction furnace, wherein the moles of sulfur in the transferred sulfuric acid relative to the moles of elemental sulfur withdrawn from the Claus process plant is from 3% to 25%.

Abstract: A process and a process plant for production of elemental sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15 vol % to 100 vol % H2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen, b) directing s to a reaction furnace operating at elevated temperature, c) cooling, d) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, e) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elemental sulfur, f) directing to a means for sulfur oxidation, g) directing to contact a material catalytically active in SO2 oxidation to SO3, h) converting to concentrated sulfuric acid, i) recycling to the Claus reaction furnace, wherein an amount of combustibles, in the Claus tail gas, is oxidized in the presence of a material catalytically active in sulfur oxidation, at an inlet temperature below 400° C.

Abstract: A process for production of elemental sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15% to 100 vol % H2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including: a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream substoichiometric oxygen with respect to the Claus reaction, b) directing to a reaction furnace zone operating at elevated temperature such as above 900° C., c) directing to a sulfuric acid evaporation zone downstream said reaction furnace zone, d) cooling to provide a cooled Claus converter feed gas, e) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, f) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elemental sulfur, g) directing to a Claus tail gas treatment plant, with the associated benefit of a process involving injection of sulfuric acid in a sulfuric acid evaporation zone allowing high temperature combustion of said feedstock gas, including impurities, without cooling from evaporation and decomposition of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A sulfuric acid recirculation loop and a standalone sulfuric acid concentrator including: a concentrator column, an air lift pump having a liquid inlet fed with concentrated sulfuric acid from the outlet of a sulfuric acid reservoir downstream the concentrator column, a gas inlet fed with a carrier fluid having a lower density than the concentrated sulfuric acid, and an outlet, wherein the sulfuric acid reservoir is located below the concentrator column and above the carrier fluid inlet of the air lift pump, a downcomer pipe leading down from the sulfuric acid reservoir to the liquid inlet of the air lift pump, and a riser pipe leading up from the carrier fluid inlet on the air lift pump to an inlet pipe for the concentrator column, the inlet pipe being configured for allowing a liquid flow from the inlet to the outlet.

Abstract: A revamp process for modifying a sulfur abatement plant including a Claus process plant, the Claus process plant including a Claus reaction furnace and one or more Claus conversion stages, each Claus conversion stage including a conversion reactor and a means for elemental sulfur condensation, and a means of Claus tail gas oxidation configured for receiving a Claus tail gas from said Claus process plant and configured for providing an oxidized Claus tail gas, the process revamp including: a) providing a sulfuric acid producing tail gas treatment plant producing sulfuric acid, and b) providing a means for transferring an amount or all of the sulfuric acid produced in said sulfuric acid producing tail gas treatment plant to said Claus reaction furnace, wherein the moles of sulfur in the transferred sulfuric acid relative to the moles of elemental sulfur withdrawn from the Claus process plant is from 3% to 25%.

Abstract: A process plant and a process for production of sulfur from a feedstock gas including from 15% to 100 vol % H2S and a stream of sulfuric acid, the process including a) providing a Claus reaction furnace feed stream with a substoichiometric amount of oxygen, b) directing to a Claus reaction furnace operating at elevated temperature, c) cooling to provide a cooled Claus converter feed gas, d) directing to contact a material catalytically active in the Claus reaction, e) withdrawing a Claus tail gas and elementary sulfur, f) directing a stream comprising said Claus tail gas to a Claus tail gas treatment, wherein sulfuric acid directed to said Claus reaction furnace is in the form of droplets with 90% of the mass of the droplets having a diameter below 500 ?m, with the associated benefit of such a process efficiently converting all liquid H2SO4 to gaseous H2SO4 and further to SO2.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for removal of an aerosol, comprising the steps of directing a process gas comprising an aerosol to contact an inertial demister providing a first demisted process gas, and directing the first demisted process gas to contact a coalescing demister providing a second demisted process gas, characterized in said first inertial demister being more open than said coalescing demister, where more open is defined as having a higher void fraction or a lower density with the associated benefit of such a process providing an efficient removal of a large volume of liquid from the inertial demister, while avoiding flooding of the demister system. It further relates to a process plant for sulfuric acid production employing such a pair of demisters.

Abstract: A process plant for production of sulfuric acid from a process gas comprising SO2, including a process gas inlet, a first SO2 converter having an inlet and an outlet, a first condenser having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, a gas mixing device having a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, a process gas heater having an inlet and an outlet, a second SO2 converter having an inlet and an outlet, a second condenser having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, one or more means for cooling and storage of sulfuric acid and a purified process gas outlet.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for removal of an aerosol, comprising the steps of directing a process gas comprising an aerosol to contact an inertial demister providing a first demisted process gas, and directing the first demisted process gas to contact a coalescing demister providing a second demisted process gas, characterized in said first inertial demister being more open than said coalescing demister, where more open is defined as having a higher void fraction or a lower density with the associated benefit of such a process providing an efficient removal of a large volume of liquid from the inertial demister, while avoiding flooding of the demister system. It further relates to a process plant for sulfuric acid production employing such a pair of demisters.

Abstract: Sulfur trioxide is produced from a feed stream comprising sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals, such as alkali metals, in a plant comprising an incineration furnace, a waste heat boiler, a dilution air heater, a dust removal absorber and an SO2 converter. The plant may further comprise a sulfuric acid condenser for the production of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A plant for the production of sulfur trioxide from a feed stream containing sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals and alkali metals by a process, which involves gas quenching, comprises an incineration furnace, a mixing device and/or a dilution air heater, a dust removal device and an SO2 converter. The plant may further comprise a condenser for the purpose of producing sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A plant for the production of sulfur trioxide from a feed stream containing sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals and alkali metals by a process, which involves gas quenching, comprises an incineration furnace, a mixing device and/or a dilution air heater, a dust removal device and an SO2 converter. The plant may further comprise a condenser for the purpose of producing sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Sulfur trioxide is produced from a feed stream comprising sulfur-containing compounds and dissolved metals, such as alkali metals, in a plant comprising an incineration furnace, a waste heat boiler, a dilution air heater, a dust removal absorber and an SO2 converter. The plant may further comprise a sulfuric acid condenser for the production of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process plant for production of sulfuric acid from a process gas comprising SO2, including a process gas inlet, a first SO2 converter having an inlet and an outlet, a first condenser having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, a gas mixing device having a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, a process gas heater having an inlet and an outlet, a second SO2 converter having an inlet and an outlet, a second condenser having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, one or more means for cooling and storage of sulfuric acid and a purified process gas outlet.

Abstract: A helical coil is supported inside a heat exchanger tube by at least one inside protrusion on the inside wall of the tube, the at least one protrusion supports the helical coil on a contact point of the helical coil against downwards movement in the tube and supports the helical coil on the end point of the helical coil against rotational movement in a first rotational direction relative to the tube.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide contained in a feed gas to sulphur trioxide, comprising the steps of a) alternatingly providing a first feed gas containing a high concentration of sulphur dioxide and a second feed gas containing a low concentration of sulphur dioxide as a process gas, b) preheating the process gas by heat exchange with a heat exchange medium, c) reacting the process gas in the presence of a catalytically active material in a catalytic reaction zone, d) converting at least in part the sulphur dioxide of the process gas into sulphur trioxide contained in a product gas in the catalytic reaction zone, e) cooling the product gas by contact with a heat exchange medium, wherein a thermal buffer zone is provided in relation to one of said process steps, providing thermal energy produced during super-autothermal operation for heating the process gas during sub-autothermal operation.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide contained in a feed gas to sulphur trioxide, comprising the steps of a) alternatingly providing a first feed gas containing a high concentration of sulphur dioxide and a second feed gas containing a low concentration of sulphur dioxide as a process gas, b) preheating the process gas by heat exchange with a heat exchange medium, c) reacting the process gas in the presence of a catalytically active material in a catalytic reaction zone, d) converting at least in part the sulphur dioxide of the process gas into sulphur trioxide contained in a product gas in the catalytic reaction zone, e) cooling the product gas by contact with a heat exchange medium, wherein a thermal buffer zone is provided in relation to one of said process steps, providing thermal energy produced during super-autothermal operation for heating the process gas during sub-autothermal operation.

Abstract: A helical coil is supported inside a heat exchanger tube by at least one inside protrusion on the inside wall of the tube, the at least one protrusion supports the helical coil on a contact point of the helical coil against downwards movement in the tube and supports the helical coil on the end point of the helical coil against rotational movement in a first rotational direction relative to the tube.