Abstract: A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein a solution comprising triglyceride and alcohol is contacted with a first lipolytic enzyme having a relatively higher activity on free fatty acids than on triglyceride and a second lipolytic enzyme having a relatively higher activity on triglyceride than on free fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the immobilization of enzymes by adsorbing enzymes, a polyfunctional amine and a cross-linking agent onto a particulate porous carrier in a mixer apparatus or in a fluid bed apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to the utilization of fatty materials with substantial free fatty acid content in the production of biodiesel by the use of microbial enzymes that are effective in a solvent-free process for the production of esters of fatty acids and C1-C3 alkyl alcohols.

Abstract: A hyaluronic acid derivative, and methods of producing and using said derivative, the derivative comprising n repeating units and having the general structural formula (I), wherein, in at least one repeating unit, one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4 comprises an etherbound aryl/alkyl sulfone having the general structural formula (II), wherein R comprises an alkyl- or aryl-group, and otherwise R1, R2, R3, R4 are hydroxyl groups, OH.

Abstract: A hyaluronic acid derivative, and methods of producing and using said derivative, the derivative comprising n repeating units and having the general structural formula (I), wherein, in at least one repeating unit, one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4 comprises an etherbound aryl/alkyl sulfone having the general structural fomula (II), wherein R comprises an alkyl- or aryl-group, and otherwise R1, R2, R3, R4 are hydroxyl groups, OH.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters, such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters with a low level of impurities such as phospholipids. The method of the invention is simplified by combining two process steps into one single process step and is therefore economically cheaper. The method includes mixing water, alcohol, triglyceride and/or free fatty acids a lipolytic enzyme and a phospholipase. Subsequently the aqueous phase, which contains glycerine, residual enzyme and most of the hydrolyzed phospholipids, is separated from the non-aqueous phase, whereby the content of phospholipids in the non-aqueous phase is reduced.

Abstract: A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein a solution comprising triglyceride and alcohol is contacted with a first lipolytic enzyme having a relatively higher activity on free fatty acids than on triglyceride and a second lipolytic enzyme having a relatively higher activity on triglyceride than on free fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to the utilisation of fatty materials with substantial free fatty acid content in the production of biodiesel by the use of microbial enzymes that are effective in a solvent-free process for the production of esters of fatty acids and C1-C3 alkyl alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters, such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters with a low level of impurities such as phospholipids. The method of the invention is simplified by combining two process steps into one single process step and is therefore economically cheaper The method includes mixing water, alcohol, triglyceride and/or free fatty acids a lipolytic enzyme and a phospholipase. Subsequently the aqueous phase, which contains glycerine, residual enzyme and most of the hydrolyzed phospholipids, is separated from the non-aqueous phase, whereby the content of phospholipids in the non-aqueous phase is reduced.

Abstract: A method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein a solution comprising triglyceride and alcohol is contacted with a first lipolytic enzyme having a relatively higher activity on free fatty acids than on triglyceride and a second lipolytic enzyme having a relatively higher activity on triglyceride than on free fatty acids.

Abstract: A process for producing an immobilized enzyme preparation for use in a mainly organic medium devoid of free water comprising using a fluid bed.

Abstract: An immobilized enzyme is prepared for use in organic mediums essentially devoid of free water. An enzyme-containing liquid medium is contacted with a particulate porous carrier which preferably has a particle size of 200-1000 &mgr;m and a surface area of 20-1000 m2/g to adsorb the enzyme on the carrier, and volatile components of the liquid medium contained by the carrier are removed. The carrier may have a hydrophilic surface, and an amount of liquid medium is used to prevent agglomeration of the carrier. Alternatively, the carrier has a hydrophobic surface, and the addition of a hygroscopic substance suppresses agglomeration of the carrier by absorbing excess liquid. The hygroscopic substance may be removed during the removal of volatile components. Contacting of the enzyme-containing liquid and carrier can be in a fluidized bed where immobilization and removing volatile components are conducted simultaneously, or contacting can be in mixer followed by removing volatile components in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: An immobilized enzyme preparation for use in an organic medium essentially devoid of free water is prepared using a fluidized bed. An enzyme-containing liquid medium is contacted with a particulate porous carrier which preferably has a particle size of 200-1000 .mu.m and a surface area of 20-1000 m.sup.2 /g, and volatile components of the liquid medium are removed to fix or adsorb the enzyme on the carrier. The carrier may have a hydrophilic surface and an amount of liquid medium is used to prevent agglomeration of the carrier. The enzyme can be adsorbed on a carrier having a hydrophobic surface, and the addition of a hygroscopic substance suppresses agglomeration of the carrier by absorbing excess liquid. The hygroscopic substance may be removed during the removal of volatile components.