Abstract: Methods, devices and systems to improve neural stimulation by applying biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse to speed conduction and improve mitochondrial function in conditions such as cerebellar dysfunction (such as gluten ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia, and Alzheimer's disease). Improved neural stimulation of more distal brain structures may interrupt epileptic seizures. Additionally, biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse speed wound healing by lowering the cell membrane potential of the skin, and may stimulate the release of hormonal secretions or insulin by proper placement of electrodes.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems to improve neural stimulation by applying biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse to speed conduction and improve mitochondrial function in conditions such as cerebellar dysfunction (such as gluten ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia, and Alzheimer's disease). Improved neural stimulation of more distal brain structures may interrupt epileptic seizures. Additionally, biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse speed wound healing by lowering the cell membrane potential of the skin, and may stimulate the release of hormonal secretions or insulin by proper placement of electrodes.

Abstract: An adapter includes a first connector, a second connector, and a circuit that reverses a polarity of a signal received at the first connector. Moreover, a lead includes a connector including a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, an electrode including a tip and a ring, and a circuit that connects the anode terminal of the connector to the tip of the electrode and that connects the cathode terminal of the connector to the ring of the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system for viral monitoring in effluent, comprising a biosensor including a graphene-based field-effect transistor having capture proteins conjugated thereto, the capture proteins being configured to bind a virus, and a fluidic channel arranged above the graphene-based field-effect transistor so that fluid of the effluent flows over the graphene-based field-effect transistor, and processing circuitry configured to apply a gate voltage to the graphene-based field-effect transistor, measure a conductance across the graphene-based field-effect transistor, the conductance reflecting an amount of the virus bound to the capture proteins, compare the measured conductance to a threshold conductance, and transmit, to a computing device and when the comparison indicates the measured conductance satisfies the threshold conductance, information indicating a presence of the virus in the effluent. In certain embodiments, the capture proteins may be SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies.

Abstract: A system for viral monitoring in effluent includes at least one graphene-based field-effect transistor and circuitry, wherein the circuitry is configured to repeatedly monitor and determine presence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID virus) in the effluent. The circuitry is configured to apply a gate voltage and measure a conductance across each of the at least one graphene-based field-effect transistor, compare the measured conductance across each of the at least one graphene-based field-effect transistor to a threshold conductance, and determine whether levels of the COVID virus exceed a predetermined threshold in the effluent. If levels of the COVID virus exceed the predetermined threshold in the effluent, the circuitry is configured to remove at least a portion of the bound COVID virus from the proteins of the at least one graphene-based field-effect transistor.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems to improve neural stimulation by applying biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse to speed conduction and improve mitochondrial function in conditions such as cerebellar dysfunction (such as gluten ataxia, spinocerebellar ataxia, and Alzheimer's disease). Improved neural stimulation of more distal brain structures may interrupt epileptic seizures. Additionally, biphasic waveforms including a positive anodal pulse followed by a negative cathodal pulse speed wound healing by lowering the cell membrane potential of the skin, and may stimulate the release of hormonal secretions or insulin by proper placement of electrodes.

Abstract: Methods for cardiac pacing in a human heart using a biphasic waveform having a first pulse having an anodal (positive) polarity followed by a second pulse having a cathodal (negative) polarity. Electrodes in the right bundle branch are used to stimulate the Purkinje fibers with low voltage, ultra-short short pulse widths using a fraction of the energy needed for capture enabling much longer battery life. Alternatively, biphasic anodal/cathodal waveforms are used to stimulate HIS bundle pacing of the mid-septum right bundle branch to enable retrograde conduction back through the atrioventricular (AV) node and down the left bundle thus enabling cardiac resynchronization from the right ventricle. The pacing stimulation applying a biphasic waveform with anodal-first component speeds conduction of pacing stimuli through the conduction system. A sinus node electrode may provide a defibrillation stimulus before the biphasic anodal/cathodal waveforms are applied in HIS bundle pacing.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided to control contraction of the heart. At least one sensing element receives signals indicating electrical activity of sinus rhythm of the heart. Based on the received signals, the progress of contraction of the heart is determined. Based on the progress of contraction, the chamber of the heart may then be stimulated at a plurality of locations. In another embodiment, a plurality of electrodes are implanted in the left ventricle to stimulate at multiple locations in the left ventricle for the purpose of improving hemodynamic performance and increasing cardiac output in a patient who is suffering from congestive heart failure.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided to control contraction of the heart. At least one sensing element receives signals indicating electrical activity of sinus rhythm of the heart. Based on the received signals, the progress of contraction of the heart is determined. Based on the progress of contraction, the chamber of the heart may then be stimulated at a plurality of locations. In another embodiment, a plurality of electrodes are implanted in the left ventricle to stimulate at multiple locations in the left ventricle for the purpose of improving hemodynamic performance and increasing cardiac output in a patient who is suffering from congestive heart failure.

Abstract: A method and device for performing electrical current therapy on biological tissue. The device can operate continuously as a bio-energetic thermostat to continuously provide electrical current therapy, or based on sensing parameters and providing electrical current therapy only when the parameters indicate that the electrical current therapy is to be applied.

Abstract: A method and device for performing electrical current therapy on biological tissue. The device can operate continuously as a bio-energetic thermostat to continuously provide electrical current therapy, or based on sensing parameters and providing electrical current therapy only when the parameters indicate that the electrical current therapy is to be applied.

Abstract: An adapter includes a first connector, a second connector, and a circuit that reverses a polarity of a signal received at the first connector. Moreover, a lead includes a connector including a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, an electrode including a tip and a ring, and a circuit that connects the anode terminal of the connector to the tip of the electrode and that connects the cathode terminal of the connector to the ring of the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for applying electrical stimulation to biological tissues. Specifically, the present disclosure is related to a device for applying anodal/cathodal biphasic electrical stimulation to beta cells of the pancreas. Through application of biphasic stimulation to beta cells of the pancreas, insulin secretion can be increased in an effort to overcome deficiencies associated with diabetic patients.

Abstract: A stimulation device that stimulates living tissue includes an energy harvesting circuit that receives an output signal from another device and that powers the stimulation device, immediately or otherwise, using the output signal. The stimulation devices also includes a stimulation circuit that generates a stimulation signal to elicit a predetermined response from the living tissue, and at least one lead that delivers the stimulation signal to the living tissue.

Abstract: Sensors are applied to the heart and sensor data is supplied to a rules engine. The rules engine applies rules that reflect a CRM pharmaceutical regime of the patient to the sensor data to determine whether an electrical waveform should be applied to the heart. When electrical stimulation is warranted, the drug “awareness” rules are used by the rules engine to instruct a multi-phase cardiac stimulus generator to generate an electrical waveform that improves the performance of the drugs administered to the patient, allow the patient to be administered a lower dose of a particular drug, and/or reduce or eliminate side effects from the drugs.

Abstract: A pad for electrically stimulated wound healing, including a pad configured to be placed on a wound, at least one anode disposed on the pad to contact the wound, and at least one cathode disposed on the pad to contact the wound, the at least one cathode being disposed separately from the at least on anode. The pad wherein the at least one anode and the at least one cathode in contact with the wound provide a flow of electrical current in an intended direction through the wound based on the separate locations of the at least one anode and the at least one cathode.

Abstract: A pad for electrically stimulated wound healing, including a pad configured to be placed on a wound, at least one anode disposed on the pad to contact the wound, and at least one cathode disposed on the pad to contact the wound, the at least one cathode being disposed separately from the at least on anode. The pad wherein the at least one anode and the at least one cathode in contact with the wound provide a flow of electrical current in an intended direction through the wound based on the separate locations of the at least one anode and the at least one cathode.

Abstract: An adapter includes a first connector, a second connector, and a circuit that reverses a polarity of a signal received at the first connector. Moreover, a lead includes a connector including a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, an electrode including a tip and a ring, and a circuit that connects the anode terminal of the connector to the tip of the electrode and that connects the cathode terminal of the connector to the ring of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are provided to control contraction of the heart. At least one sensing element receives signals indicating electrical activity of sinus rhythm of the heart. Based on the received signals, the progress of contraction of the heart is determined. Based on the progress of contraction, the chamber of the heart may then be stimulated at a plurality of locations. In another embodiment, a plurality of electrodes are implanted in the left ventricle to stimulate at multiple locations in the left ventricle for the purpose of improving hemodynamic performance and increasing cardiac output in a patient who is suffering from congestive heart failure.

Abstract: Sensors are applied to the heart and sensor data is supplied to a rules engine. The rules engine applies rules that reflect a CRM pharmaceutical regime of the patient to the sensor data to determine whether an electrical waveform should be applied to the heart. When electrical stimulation is warranted, the drug “awareness” rules are used by the rules engine to instruct a multi-phase cardiac stimulus generator to generate an electrical waveform that improves the performance of the drugs administered to the patient, allow the patient to be administered a lower dose of a particular drug, and/or reduce or eliminate side effects from the drugs.