Abstract: An interferometer system comprises a sample interferometer arm for guiding a first wave to a sample, and receiving a reflected wave from the sample and a phase amplifier for amplifying a phase shift of the reflected wave, to provide phase-shift-amplified intermediate wave. The interferometer system can also comprise an additional interferometer arm for guiding an additional wave to combine with the intermediate wave, to provide an output wave, and a detector for detecting the output wave.

Abstract: An interferometer system comprises a sample interferometer arm for guiding a first wave to a sample, and receiving a reflected wave from the sample and a phase amplifier for amplifying a phase shift of the reflected wave, to provide phase-shift-amplified intermediate wave. The interferometer system can also comprise an additional interferometer arm for guiding an additional wave to combine with the intermediate wave, to provide an output wave, and a detector for detecting the output wave.

Abstract: A method of amplifying a phase shift, comprises: receiving an input signal in response to an output signal; generating a reference signal; varying a modulation of at least one of the signals such that a ratio between modulation amplitudes of the input and reference signals is at least 0.9 and at most 1.1, and a phase difference between the reference and the input signals is from about 0.9 pi to about 1.1 pi; forming an output signal which comprises a sum of the reference and input signals, following the variation; and filtering the output signal by a bandpass filter to form a filtered output signal, wherein a bandwidth of the bandpass filter is selected such that XG<0.1, wherein X is a noise fluctuation average of the filtered output signal, and G is an expected amplification factor of a phase shift between the input and the reference signals.

Abstract: A method of amplifying a phase shift, comprises: receiving an input signal in response to an output signal; generating a reference signal; varying a modulation of at least one of the signals such that a ratio between modulation amplitudes of the input and reference signals is at least 0.9 and at most 1.1, and a phase difference between the reference and the input signals is from about 0.9 pi to about 1.1 pi; forming an output signal which comprises a sum of the reference and input signals, following the variation; and filtering the output signal by a bandpass filter to form a filtered output signal, wherein a bandwidth of the bandpass filter is selected such that XG<0.1, wherein X is a noise fluctuation average of the filtered output signal, and G is an expected amplification factor of a phase shift between the input and the reference signals.

Abstract: Receivers (500) and methods of adaptively adjusting the receivers based on a received interferer are described. The peak-to-average ratio of a received signal is used to determine the type of interferer. The ratio and interferer type, in addition to the type of on-channel signal, are used to select parameters to adjust the decay time of a peak detector (516), and the threshold and hysteresis of a comparator (518). The peak detector (516) and comparator (518) are used to generate an off-channel flag that indicates the presence of a relatively strong interferer to other modules in the receiver (500). If valid data is not present a default set of parameters is provided. The ratio is determined by dividing the maximum peak over the average or a range of ratios is determined by comparing a scaled value of the average to different scaled values of the peak.

Abstract: Antenna apparatuses and methods used in wireless communication devices are disclosed. The antenna includes a first portion configured to be coupled to a communication device. The antenna also includes a second portion configured to be coupled to the first portion. The first portion and second portion are coupled by overlapping the first portion and second portion so as to produce an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a vertical radiation pattern.

Abstract: A linear RF transmitter (100) includes a forward path including a baseband signal combiner (109) and an RF (radio frequency) power amplifier (123), and a linearizing control loop from an output (127) of the RF power amplifier to an input of the combiner (109). A feedback control path (105, 107) of the loop delivers a baseband error control signal to the combiner. The transmitter further includes a test signal generator (102) to apply to the combiner in a closed loop level training mode a test signal comprising a voltage Vin which increases with time in a non-linear manner approaching an asymptotic limit such that in response an output signal produced by the combiner is a voltage Ve which is substantially constant over a period of time.

Abstract: A linear RF transmitter (100) includes a forward path including a baseband signal combiner (109) and an RF (radio frequency) power amplifier (123), and a linearizing control loop from an output (127) of the RF power amplifier to an input of the combiner (109). A feedback control path (105, 107) of the loop delivers a baseband error control signal to the combiner. The transmitter further includes a test signal generator (102) to apply to the combiner in a closed loop level training mode a test signal comprising a voltage Vin which increases with time in a non-linear manner approaching an asymptotic limit such that in response an output signal produced by the combiner is a voltage Ve which is substantially constant over a period of time.

Abstract: Receivers (500) and methods of adaptively adjusting the receivers based on a received interferer are described. The peak-to-average ratio of a received signal is used to determine the type of interferer. The ratio and interferer type, in addition to the type of on-channel signal, are used to select parameters to adjust the decay time of a peak detector (516), and the threshold and hysteresis of a comparator (518). The peak detector (516) and comparator (518) are used to generate an off-channel flag that indicates the presence of a relatively strong interferer to other modules in the receiver (500). If valid data is not present a default set of parameters is provided. The ratio is determined by dividing the maximum peak over the average or a range of ratios is determined by comparing a scaled value of the average to different scaled values of the peak.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a linearizer circuit in which excessive delay is compensated. The linearizer circuit includes a power amplifier, forward and feedback paths, and a microprocessor. A signal from the power amplifier is routed by the forward path to be transmitted while a portion of the signal to be transmitted is routed back to the power amplifier via the feedback path. The microprocessor applies phase training signals to the forward path. The microprocessor uses the phase training signals to determine the amount of delay in the linearizer circuit and alters the frequency position of poles and zeros in the linearizer circuit to compensate for the delay. The gain of the linearizer circuit is also altered by the microprocessor depending on the measured delay.

Abstract: Antenna apparatuses and methods used in wireless communication devices are disclosed. The antenna includes a first portion configured to be coupled to a communication device. The antenna also includes a second portion configured to be coupled to the first portion. The first portion and second portion are coupled by overlapping the first portion and second portion so as to produce an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a vertical radiation pattern.

Abstract: An antenna and methods for manufacturing the antenna is provided. The antenna (100) includes an electrically non-conductive substrate (102). The antenna further includes an electrically conductive strip (104). The electrically conductive strip (104) is wound around the electrically non-conductive substrate (102) so as to form an overlap (120) between adjacent turns of the electrically conductive strip (104), without creating a galvanic connection at the overlap.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit (200) comprises a radio frequency (RF) receiver for receiving an RF signal and providing the received RF signal to an off-channel signal detector (218) and a quadrature down conversion mixer circuit comprising at least one dynamic matching mixer stage (226, 228, 250, 252). The off-channel signal detector (218) is arranged to detect whether an off-channel signal level of the received RF signal exceeds a threshold and, in response to determining that the received off-channel RF signal exceeds the threshold, the off-channel signal detector (218) deactivates the at least one dynamic matching mixer stage. Also described is a semiconductor that comprises a receiver, and a method of operation therefor.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit includes a linearised transmitter having a forward path and a feedback path, respectively comprising at least one up-mixer and down-mixer, and forming two loops in quadrature. A phase training signal is applied to the at least one down-mixer in the feedback path in an open loop mode of operation to identify a loop phase adjustment to be applied. At least one of the two loops is switched to a closed loop mode of operation and the loop phase adjustment is applied to at least one up-mixer located in the forward path.

Abstract: A terminal (200) and method for operation thereof for use in a wireless communication system (100), the terminal including a plurality of antennas (215, 235, 255) and a plurality of receiver chains (217, 237, 257) each including an associated one of the antennas, the terminal being operable to receive a signal including a plurality of time divided portions including a first portion (303) and a second portion (304), characterized in that the terminal is operable in a manner such each of the plurality of receiver chains is active when the first portion of the signal is being received and at least one of the receiver chains is inactive when the second portion of the signal is being received.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit includes a frequency generation circuit, and a linearised transmitter operably coupled to the frequency generation circuit and having a forward path for routing a signal to be transmitted; and a feedback path, operably coupled to a power amplifier and the forward path for feeding back a portion of the signal to be transmitted. The feedback path and forward path form two loops in quadrature. The frequency generation circuit includes independent phase shift elements arranged to independently phase shift the two loops in quadrature (‘I’ and ‘Q’).

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a linearizer circuit in which excessive delay is compensated. The linearizer circuit includes a power amplifier, forward and feedback paths, and a microprocessor. A signal from the power amplifier is routed by the forward path to be transmitted while a portion of the signal to be transmitted is routed back to the power amplifier via the feedback path. The microprocessor applies phase training signals to the forward path. The microprocessor uses the phase training signals to determine the amount of delay in the linearizer circuit and alters the frequency position of poles and zeros in the linearizer circuit to compensate for the delay. The gain of the linearizer circuit is also altered by the microprocessor depending on the measured delay.

Abstract: An antenna assembly (10) includes a ground plane formed on a chassis (12) of the radio and the functional knob forming an antenna element (11). The antenna assembly further includes a slot or notch element (14) in the ground plane substantially adjacent to the functional knob and having a length less than ¼ wavelength, and a coaxial cable (13) feeding the antenna element. A shield of the coaxial cable can be directly connected to the ground plane and a center conductor of the coaxial cable can be directly coupled to the functional knob to provide a galvanic connection for narrowband performance or the center conductor can be electromagnetically coupled to the functional knob for wideband performance or both. The antenna assembly can create a zero volume notch type ground excitation.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit (200) comprises a radio frequency (RF) receiver for receiving an RF signal and providing the received RF signal to an off-channel signal detector (218) and a quadrature down conversion mixer circuit comprising at least one dynamic matching mixer stage (226, 228, 250, 252). The off-channel signal detector (218) is arranged to detect whether an off-channel signal level of the received RF signal exceeds a threshold and, in response to determining that the received off-channel RF signal exceeds the threshold, the off-channel signal detector (218) deactivates the at least one dynamic matching mixer stage. Also described is a semiconductor that comprises a receiver, and a method of operation therefor.

Abstract: A linear RF transmitter (100) includes a forward path including a baseband signal combiner (109) and an RF (radio frequency) power amplifier (123), and a linearizing control loop from an output (127) of the RF power amplifier to an input of the combiner (109). A feedback control path (105, 107) of the loop delivers a baseband error control signal to the combiner. The transmitter further includes a test signal generator (102) to apply to the combiner in a closed loop level training mode a test signal comprising a voltage Vin which increases with time in a non-linear manner approaching an asymptotic limit such that in response an output signal produced by the combiner is a voltage Ve which is substantially constant over a period of time.