Abstract: Drip irrigation apparatus including a main water flow channel having associated therewith along a length thereof a plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units and at least one secondary water flow channel extending generally parallel to the main water flow channel and receiving water from at least one of the plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units, the at least one secondary water flow channel having water outlets disposed along the length of the main water flow channel, intermediate the plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units.

Abstract: Drip irrigation apparatus including a main water flow channel having associated therewith along a length thereof a plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units and at least one secondary water flow channel extending generally parallel to the main water flow channel and receiving water from at least one of the plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units, the at least one secondary water flow channel having water outlets disposed along the length of the main water flow channel, intermediate the plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units.

Abstract: Drip irrigation apparatus including a main water flow channel having associated therewith along a length thereof a plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units and at least one secondary water flow channel extending generally parallel to the main water flow channel and receiving water from at least one of the plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units, the at least one secondary water flow channel having water outlets disposed along the length of the main water flow channel, intermediate the plurality of pressure-controlled drip irrigation emitter units.

Abstract: A pop-up sprinkler including an outer housing defining a water inlet, an inner housing which is raised automatically in response to the supply of water under at least a predetermined pressure, a water driven turbine disposed within the inner housing and driven by water entering the sprinkler via the water inlet, a reducing gear disposed within the inner housing and driven by the water driven turbine and having an output shaft fixed against rotation with respect to the inner housing, whereby operation of the water driven turbine causes the reducing gear to rotate relative to the housing, and a rotatable water outlet fixed to the reducing gear for rotation together therewith relative to the inner housing.

Abstract: A sprinkler including a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet rotatable with respect to the liquid inlet and apparatus, driven by a pressurized flow of liquid entering the liquid inlet, for rotating the liquid outlet, the apparatus including magnetic coupling apparatus for transmitting motion.

Abstract: A technique for manufacturing extruded drip irrigation lines including drip irrigation elements having a non-circular cross section including the steps of:extruding a drip irrigation conduit; andheat welding discrete drip irrigation elements having a non-circular cross section to a portion of the interior surface of the drip irrigation conduit extending over less than the entire circumference thereof, the step of heat welding including the following steps:sequentially feeding discrete drip irrigation elements through the interior of the drip irrigation conduit;causing individual drip irrigation elements to establish initial contact with the extruded conduit as the extruded conduit is being stretched to its final cross sectional dimensions; andcompleting heat welding of the elements to the conduit when the conduit has substantially reached its final cross sectional dimensions.

Abstract: An impact drive sprinkler including a body defining a nozzle arranged to provide a stream of pressurized liquid; spring loaded stream deflector and hammer apparatus for intermittently engaging the stream and providing in response to the engagement a force causing intermittent rotation of the body about a rotation axis; and apparatus for selectably limiting the amplitude of motion of the deflector and hammer apparatus and thus determining the direction of rotation of the body and the overall range of the resulting spray. The selectably limiting apparatus has first and second orientations corresponding to rotation of the sprinkler in respective forward and return directions and comprises a first hammer engagement surface that is engaged when the sprinkler is rotating in the forward direction. The first hammer engagement surface is arranged such that hammer engagement therewith retains the apparatus for selectably limiting in the first orientation.

Abstract: A gear driven rotary sprinkler comprising a base defining a liquid inlet, a sprinkler head which is rotatable about a rotation axis fixed in the base, liquid driven gear apparatus for driving the sprinkler head in rotation about the rotation axis, clutch apparatus for selectably decoupling the sprinkler head from the gear apparatus upon forced rotation of the sprinkler head, apparatus for limiting the speed of rotation of the sprinkler head under high pressure and/or high volume conditions, apparatus for selectably limiting the azimuth of rotation including an over-center spring mechanism, and a liquid flow pathway from the liquid inlet to the sprinkler head including suctioning apertures operative to draw sediment from the liquid driven gear apparatus by venturi action and to flush it from the sprinkler.

Abstract: A gear driven rotary sprinkler comprising a base defining a liquid inlet, a sprinkler head which is rotatable about a rotation axis fixed in the base, liquid driven gear apparatus for driving the sprinkler head in rotation about the rotation axis, clutch apparatus for selectably decoupling the sprinkler head from the gear apparatus upon forced rotation of the sprinkler head, apparatus for limiting the speed of rotation of the sprinkler head under high pressure and/or high volume conditions, apparatus for selectably limiting the azimuth of rotation including an over-center spring mechanism, and a liquid flow pathway from the liquid inlet to the sprinkler head including suctioning apertures operative to draw sediment from the liquid driven gear apparatus by venturi action and to flush it from the sprinkler.

Abstract: In an impact drive sprinkler including a rotatable body arranged to rotate about a rotation axis and having a sprinkler nozzle through which water is ejected in an outward direction from the rotation axis, a deflector defining a spiral water engagement surface which extends approximately 360 degrees from an inlet location intermittently adjacent the sprinkler nozzle to an outlet location, the inlet location being azimuthally displaced therefrom about said rotation axis.

Abstract: Drip irrigation apparatus including a continuous outer tube and a plurality of low rate determining inserts located at desired locations therealong interiorly of the outer tube, the inserts being selected to have one or more of the following features; an outlet chamber which extends over a significant portion of the circumference of the outer tube; a configuration which allows substantial flattening of the outer tube when not in use, a pressure responsive flow controller; a pressure reducing pathway formed solely or partially by the insert and an air pocket spring defined wholly or partially by the insert for cooperation with a pressure responsive flow controller, thereby providing a flow controller which integrally formed as a single unit.

Abstract: Pressure responsive, volume-controlled drip irrigation apparatus including a drip irrigation element defining a volume control region having a peripheral edge surface along at least part of the periphery thereof, there being disposed along a side of the volume control region a first surface of a flexible membrane, whose second surface communicates with a source of pressurized water, a flow restricting pathway having an inlet communicating with the source of pressurized water and an outlet communicating with the volume control region, and a water outlet communicating with the volume control region at the peripheral edge surface thereof.

Abstract: Drip irrigation emitter apparatus comprising a water inlet, a water outlet, and an elongated flowpath extending from the water inlet to the water outlet, the flowpath defining an entrance coupled to the water inlet and extending into a type one vortex region, the type one vortex region extending via an intermediate region into a type two vortex region, the type two vortex region extending via an intermediate region into a type one vortex region, and wherein the type one vortex region comprises a region including a first rounded concave corner having a first radius of curvature and a first substantially pointed convex vertex to a first side of the first rounded concave corner, and the type two vortex region comprises a second rounded concave corner having a second radius of curvature and a second generally pointed convex vertex to a second side of the second rounded concave corner.

Abstract: A rotary sprinkler comprising a base, a stem mounted on the base for rotation relative thereto, the stem having an inlet for receiving a pressurized water supply, a water discharge nozzle mounted on the stem and being rotatable together therewith relative to the base, water driven drive apparatus for rotating the stem relative to the base, selectably positionable deflector apparatus for engaging a stream of water emitted by the nozzle for determining the maximum radius of the stream, and cam apparatus for operating the deflector apparatus and including manually settable cam apparatus for selecting an overall size and pattern of sprinkler stream coverage, and second cam apparatus for determining the desired sprinkling pattern as a function of the azimuthal orientation of the nozzle.

Abstract: Drip irrigation apparatus including a continuous outer tube and a plurality of low rate determining inserts located at desired locations therealong interiorly of the outer tube, the inserts being selected to have one or more of the following features; an outlet chamber which extends over a significant portion of the circumference of the outer tube; a configuration which allows substantial flattening of the outer tube when not in use, a pressure responsive flow controller; a pressure reducing pathway formed solely or partially by the insert and an air pocket spring defined wholly or partially by the insert for cooperation with a pressure responsive flow controller, thereby providing a flow controller which integrally formed as a single unit.

Abstract: A sprinkler including a body defining a nozzle arranged to provide a stream of pressurized liquid, spring loaded stream deflector and hammer apparatus for intermittently engaging the stream and providing in response to the engagement of a force causing intermittent rotation of the body about a rotation axis, apparatus for selectably limiting the amplitude of motion of the stream deflector and hammer apparatus and thus determining the direction of rotation of the body and the overall range of the spray produced and having first and second orientations corresponding to rotation in forward and return directions, selectably positionable protrusion apparatus for defining the azimuthal limits of a desired irrigation zone; and finger apparatus associated with the selectably limiting apparatus constructed such that positioning of the finger means in a first position for disengagement with the protrusion apparatus results in positioning of the selectably limiting apparatus in a selected orientation.