Abstract: Energy sources embodying the invention include one or more cells, where each cell includes an electrode (anode or cathode) which is a non-metal and another electrode which is a metal or non-metal, with the electrodes positioned relative to each other to produce a potential differential. The electrodes may be placed in a water solution or kept in air (dry). They may be spaced apart or be in direct contact. A conduction enhancing layer may be placed between the electrodes.

Abstract: An electricity generating system includes a first electrode located at a first location in a body of salt water and a second electrode located at a second location in the body of salt water. The first and second electrodes may be of the same or different materials and are designed to present a large surface area to the body of water. A direct current flows between the two electrodes which is a function of the salinity of the water and the composition of the electrodes. The direct current is applied to the input port of a converting device which may be any suitable power inverter which can produce a output AC voltage corresponding to the direct current or a DC to DC converter to produce an output DC voltage corresponding to the direct current.

Abstract: An electricity generating system includes a first electrode located at a first location in a body of salt water and a second electrode located at a second location in the body of salt water. The first and second electrodes may be of the same or different materials and are designed to present a large surface area to the body of water. A direct current flows between the two electrodes which is a function of the salinity of the water and the composition of the electrodes. The direct current is applied to the input port of a converting device which may be any suitable power inverter which can produce a output AC voltage corresponding to the direct current or a DC to DC converter to produce an output DC voltage corresponding to the direct current.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting the energy present in water currents into electrical energy includes a rotatable central shaft a portion which is submerged below the surface of a body of water. A multiplicity of curved, horn shaped, devices responsive to water currents are connected via arms to the central shaft and cause the arms and the shaft to rotate and drive an electrical generator to produce an electrical output. The central shaft may be coupled to an electrical generator located above the water level to permit the easy and reliable maintenance of the apparatus. Alternatively, the central shaft may be coupled to a submersible electric generator or may extend horizontally parallel to the floor of the body of water.