Abstract: A multi-section optical modulator and related method wherein two waveguide arms traverse a plurality of successive modulating sections. A differential drive signal is applied separately to each waveguide arm of each modulating sections in synchronism with the transmission of light along the waveguide arms, effecting a dual differential driving of each section. By suitably selecting the number of modulating sections and the section length, a high modulation bandwidth and a high modulation efficiency may be achieved simultaneously for a given peak-to-peak voltage swing of the drive signal.

Abstract: In conventional optical receivers the dynamic range is obtained by using variable gain amplifiers (VGA) with a fixed trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) gain. To overcome the SNR problems inherent in conventional receivers an improved optical receiver comprises an automatic gain control loop for generating at least one gain control signal for controlling gain of both the VGA and the TIA. Ideally, both the resistance and the gain of the TIA are controlled by a gain control signal.

Abstract: A multi-section optical modulator and related method wherein two waveguide arms traverse a plurality of successive modulating sections. A differential drive signal is applied separately to each waveguide arm of each modulating sections in synchronism with the transmission of light along the waveguide arms, effecting a dual differential driving of each section. By suitably selecting the number of modulating sections and the section length, a high modulation bandwidth and a high modulation efficiency may be achieved simultaneously for a given peak-to-peak voltage swing of the drive signal.

Abstract: A multi-section optical modulator and related method wherein two waveguide arms traverse a plurality of successive modulating sections. A differential drive signal is applied separately to each waveguide arm of each modulating sections in synchronism with the transmission of light along the waveguide arms, effecting a dual differential driving of each section. By suitably selecting the number of modulating sections and the section length, a high modulation bandwidth and a high modulation efficiency may be achieved simultaneously for a given peak-to-peak voltage swing of the drive signal.

Abstract: A method for using a breadboard involves receiving a circuit wiring connection layout, in which the circuit wiring connection layout includes a visual representation of circuit elements. The method further involves sending, to the breadboard, the circuit wiring connection layout, receiving a selection of a circuit element from the circuit elements to obtain a selected circuit element, sending, to the breadboard and based on the selected circuit element, a signal to activate an alert device on the breadboard indicating where a user should place the selected circuit element on the breadboard, receiving a circuit characteristic to measure from the selected circuit element, sending, to the breadboard, the circuit characteristic to measure from the selected circuit element, receiving, from the breadboard, a measurement of the circuit characteristic to obtain a measured circuit characteristic, and displaying the measured circuit characteristic.

Abstract: A method for using a breadboard involves receiving a circuit wiring connection layout, in which the circuit wiring connection layout includes a visual representation of circuit elements. The method further involves sending, to the breadboard, the circuit wiring connection layout, receiving a selection of a circuit element from the circuit elements to obtain a selected circuit element, sending, to the breadboard and based on the selected circuit element, a signal to activate an alert device on the breadboard indicating where a user should place the selected circuit element on the breadboard, receiving a circuit characteristic to measure from the selected circuit element, sending, to the breadboard, the circuit characteristic to measure from the selected circuit element, receiving, from the breadboard, a measurement of the circuit characteristic to obtain a measured circuit characteristic, and displaying the measured circuit characteristic.

Abstract: There is provided an intercalating oligonucleotide for stabilizing natural or modified DNA and RNA triplexes, duplexes and hybrids thereof having the general structure (I) triplex forming oligonucleotides of the invention are capable of binding specifically to double stranded target nucleic acids and are therefore of interest for modulation of the activity of target nucleic acids and also detection of target nucleic acids.

Abstract: A damping apparatus and method for a drillstring comprising a bit comprising providing to the drillstring a damping mechanism comprising magnetorheological fluid and generating an electromagnetic field affecting the magnetorheological fluid in response to changing ambient conditions encountered by the bit.