Abstract: An object is to provide a coloring technique that makes it possible to impart luster while providing a vivid color, and further to provide a coloring technique that makes it possible to retain more unevenness when a substrate has unevenness. This object is achieved by a laminated sheet comprising a fiber substrate and a metalloid element-containing layer disposed on or above the surface of the fiber substrate.

Abstract: An inspecting instrument to be used for measuring, using a test substance-containing solution containing a test substance and a liquid, which is contained in the test substance-containing liquid. The inspecting instrument includes a wall that has a periodic structure resulting from a plurality of recesses or protrusions, the plurality of recesses or the plurality of protrusions including a refractive index adjusting layer on surfaces thereof, the refractive index adjusting layer being a layer having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the test substance-containing solution or being a silicon layer. A method of measuring the concentration of a test substance in a liquid, measured using the inspecting instrument, has high accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a flexible solar cell having excellent high-temperature, high-humidity durability and excellent initial performance. The present invention relates to a flexible solar cell including, on a flexible substrate: an electrode; a transparent electrode; and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the transparent electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic-inorganic perovskite compound, the flexible substrate including an aluminum foil and an aluminum oxide film formed on the aluminum foil, the flexible substrate having a ratio of the thickness of the aluminum oxide film to the total thickness of the aluminum foil and the aluminum oxide film of 0.1% or higher and 15% or lower.

Abstract: An object is to provide a coloring technique that makes it possible to impart luster while providing a vivid color, and further to provide a coloring technique that makes it possible to retain more unevenness when a substrate has unevenness. This object is achieved by a laminated sheet comprising a fiber substrate and a metalloid element-containing layer disposed on or above the surface of the fiber substrate.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method for producing a solar cell in which a continuous long scribed line is provided along the machine direction of a substrate so that failures due to breakage of the scribed line are reduced.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, in which reduction in the photoelectric conversion efficiency due to continuous irradiation with light (photodegradation) is suppressed and the photoelectric conversion layer is less likely to suffer corrosion. The present invention provides a solar cell having a structure including: a cathode; an electron transport layer; a photoelectric conversion layer; and an anode stacked in the stated order, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3 where R represents an organic molecule, M represents a metal atom, and X represents a halogen or chalcogen atom, the cathode being formed of a titanium material and having an oxide layer on at least one surface.

Abstract: A first object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell having excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and produced through a process including favorable scribing (e.g., mechanical patterning), and a method for producing the solar cell. A first aspect of the present invention provides a solar cell including, above a flexible substrate, an electrode, a transparent electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the transparent electrode, the solar cell further including a hard film disposed between the flexible substrate and the electrode, the hard film containing a nitride, carbide, or boride, the nitride, carbide, or boride containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, aluminum, silicon, magnesium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency that is less likely to decrease even under application of a voltage for a long period of time. Provided is a solar cell including: a cathode; a photoelectric conversion layer; and an anode in the stated order, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3 wherein R represents an organic molecule, M represents a metal atom, and X represents a halogen or chalcogen atom, the solar cell further including, between the photoelectric conversion layer and the anode layer, a diffusion prevention layer including at least one selected from the group consisting of: metal oxides, metal nitrides, and metal oxynitrides each containing a group 6 to 15 metal in the periodic table; and carbon.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), has high-humidity durability, and is excellent in temperature cycle resistance. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation material covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation material including a resin having at least one skeleton selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, and polybutadiene.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent high-temperature, high-humidity durability. The present invention relates to a solar cell including at least: a photoelectric conversion layer; a hole transport layer; and an anode, the hole transport layer being disposed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the anode, the hole transport layer containing a polymer containing a halogen atom and an organic semiconductor component (1), the polymer containing a halogen atom having a structure that contains a halogen atom and an electron-withdrawing group bonded to a hetero atom.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent high-temperature durability, and an organic semiconductor material. The present invention relates to a solar cell having: an electrode; a counter electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and a hole transport layer disposed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the counter electrode, the hole transport layer containing an ionic compound that contains an organic semiconductor cation and a fluorine-containing compound anion, the hole transport layer having a metal concentration of 1,000 ppm or lower.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell excellent in high-temperature, high-humidity durability. The present invention aims to provide a solar cell including: a cathode; an anode; and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the cathode and the anode, the photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula R-M-X3 where R is an organic molecule, M is a metal atom, and X is a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, at least one of the cathode and the anode having a resin layer disposed thereon, the resin layer having an inorganic layer disposed thereon, the resin layer having a glass transition temperature of 70° C. or higher and 200° C. or lower, and having a coefficient of linear expansion of 9.0×10?6K?1 or greater and 1.5×10?4K?1 or smaller.

Abstract: There is provided a solar cell which is excellent in gas barrier properties and in which the deterioration of wirings does not easily occur. The solar cell (1) comprises: a first electrode (2); a second electrode (7) arranged so as to face the first electrode (2); a photoelectric conversion layer (5) which is arranged between the first electrode (2) and the second electrode (7) and contains an organic-inorganic perovskite compound; a plurality of auxiliary wirings (8) provided on the second electrode (7); a resin layer (9) provided on the second electrode (7) so as to fill a space between the plurality of auxiliary wirings (8); and an inorganic layer (10) provided so as to cover the plurality of auxiliary wirings (8) and the resin layer (9).

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a flexible solar cell including a photoelectric conversion layer that contains an organic-inorganic perovskite compound and being excellent in light resistance and photoelectric conversion efficiency. The present invention relates to a flexible solar cell having a structure including: a metal foil; an electron transport layer; a photoelectric conversion layer; a hole transport layer; and a transparent electrode stacked in the stated order, the photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3 where R represents an organic molecule, M represents a metal atom, and X represents a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom.

Abstract: There are provided an inorganic film in which the light transmittance is not decreased also when the inorganic film is laminated on organic material such as a resin, and a laminate. An inorganic film 13 which comprises a refractive index gradient film 13a having a refractive index changing continuously from n1 to n2 (n1<n2) and being a functional film; and a refractive index gradient film 13b having a refractive index changing continuously from n3 to n4 (n4<n3) and being a functional film, and in which further, a difference between n2 and n3 is 0.1 or less.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), and has excellent durability. The present invention relates to a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an inorganic layer covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the inorganic layer containing a metal oxide, a metal nitride, or a metal oxynitride.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), has high-temperature durability, and is excellent in temperature cycle resistance. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation material covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation material including a (meth)acrylic resin having a C atom/O atom ratio of 4 or more in the molecule.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), has high-humidity durability, and is excellent in temperature cycle resistance. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation material covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation material including a resin having at least one skeleton selected from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, and polybutadiene.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), and has high-temperature durability. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation resin layer covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation resin layer including a resin having a solubility parameter, i.e., a SP value, of 10 or less.

Abstract: There are provided an inorganic film in which the light transmittance is not decreased also when the inorganic film is laminated on organic material such as a resin, and a laminate. An inorganic film 13 which comprises a refractive index gradient film 13a having a refractive index changing continuously from n1 to n2 (n1<n2) and being a functional film; and a refractive index gradient film 13b having a refractive index changing continuously from n3 to n4 (n4<n3) and being a functional film, and in which further, a difference between n2 and n3 is 0.1 or less.