Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: A light diffusion sheet 43 includes, at least in its first surface 43a, a plurality of recesses 22 formed in a substantially inverted polygon pyramid or in a substantially inverted truncated polygon pyramid. The ridge 23 parting the plurality of recesses 22 has a recessed shape between the intersections 23a, with respect to a straight line connecting the intersections 23a of the ridge 23. Where P is the arrangement pitch of the plurality of recesses 22 and Wr is the dimension occupied by a curved portion at the top portion of the ridge 23 in the arrangement direction of the plurality of recesses 22, a ratio Wr/P is 0.3 or less. The maximum height difference d between the ridge 23 and the straight line connecting the intersections 23a of the ridge 23 is 1 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: A remote I/O system includes an information network control module, I/O interface modules, and a remote I/O module. The information network control module includes a common memory and a second control IC. The second control IC includes a variation detecting circuit that includes a data latch buffer that stores read data from an information network; and a variation detection memory that stores data previously read from the information network. The variation detecting circuit compares data stored in the data latch buffer with data stored in the variation detection memory, to detect a variation in the data. The second control IC transmits, to the I/O interface module, by cyclic scan transmission, data from one of the scan memory areas corresponding to the data having the variation detected by the variation detecting circuit.

Abstract: A transmitting station includes a common memory, a receiver, a state-change information memory, a state-change table storage, and a state-change detection controller. The common memory includes a plurality of blocks storing therein data that is periodically broadcast by scan transmission among other transmitting stations. The state-change detection controller, when receiving the data from the other transmitting station, reads out from the state-change table storage a state detection word of the block corresponding to the other transmitting station of a transmission source of the relevant received data, and detects a state change of a word that is indicated by the common memory address stored in the state-change information memory in association with a target pointer that is an address pointer of the read-out state detection word.

Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: A multilayer of light diffusers includes the light diffusers layered one on top of another, and an air layer between adjacent light diffusers. Each of the light diffusers contains a light diffusing agent in a resin matrix. An example of the resin matrix is an aromatic polycarbonate, and an example of the light diffusing agent is a silicone-based diffusing agent.

Abstract: A laminate sheet includes an intermediate layer, a first matte layer laminated on a front face side of the intermediate layer, and a second matte layer laminated on a back face side of the intermediate layer. A ratio of a gloss at 60° of a back face of the second matte layer to a gloss at 60° of a front face of the first matte layer is no less than 3/2 and no greater than 10. The gloss at 60° of the front face of the first matte layer is preferably no less than 5 and no greater than 20. The gloss at 60° of the back face of the second matte layer is preferably no less than 30 and no greater than 80. An arithmetic average roughness of the front face of the first matte layer is preferably no less than 0.5 ?m and no greater than 1 ?m.

Abstract: A remote I/O system includes an information network control module, I/O interface modules, and a remote I/O module. The information network control module includes a common memory and a second control IC. The second control IC includes a variation detecting circuit that includes a data latch buffer that stores read data from an information network; and a variation detection memory that stores data previously read from the information network. The variation detecting circuit compares data stored in the data latch buffer with data stored in the variation detection memory, to detect a variation in the data. The second control IC transmits, to the I/O interface module, by cyclic scan transmission, data from one of the scan memory areas corresponding to the data having the variation detected by the variation detecting circuit.

Abstract: When at least one scope of 0.5 mm square or more of a surface of an optical sheet having the unevenness is measured, height data of each of a plurality of pixels of an image obtained is determined, an approximated surface is calculated, from the height data of each pixel, for a minute region of 100 ?m2 or less, and a calculation is repeatedly performed to obtain an inclination angle between: (i) a flat surface appearing after the unevenness is imaginarily removed and: (ii) the approximated surface, while two-dimensionally shifting the minute region at equal intervals along the flat surface by using at least one of the pixels as a unit to obtain a plurality of minute regions, a total area of some of the minute regions each having the inclination angle of 30° or more, accounts for 30% or more of a total area of all the minute regions.

Abstract: A light diffusion plate for a direct-lit backlight unit is provided which is capable of inhibiting generation of defects in production, and which is superior in mechanical strength even if being formed to be thin. The light diffusion plate for a direct-lit backlight unit includes a resin matrix, and a diffusion agent dispersed in the resin matrix, in which a principal component of the resin matrix is a polycarbonate resin, a ratio Mw/Mn of a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn of the polycarbonate resin, as determined by gel permeation chromatography is no less than 1.8 and no greater than 3.2, and the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polycarbonate resin is no less than 3.0×104 and no greater than 6.5×104. The light diffusion plate has an average thickness of preferably no less than 0.1 mm and no greater than 1.0 mm.

Abstract: A multilayer of light diffusers includes the light diffusers layered one on top of another, and an air layer between adjacent light diffusers. Each of the light diffusers contains a light diffusing agent in a resin matrix. An example of the resin matrix is an aromatic polycarbonate, and an example of the light diffusing agent is a silicone-based diffusing agent.

Abstract: A polarizer protective sheet includes a base material layer and a light diffusing layer formed on a surface of the base material layer. A plurality of protrusions are formed on an opposite surface of the light diffusing layer from the base material layer, and the protrusions have a substantially arc-shaped section. The average radius of the protrusions is 10 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, and the average height of the protrusions is 10 ?m or less.

Abstract: A buffer sheet is provided capable of sufficiently inhibiting scratches on the prism sheet upon an impact applied by falling, etc. The buffer sheet is for use in a flat panel display including a prism sheet having prisms on a surface thereof and a display element disposed to face the prisms, wherein the buffer sheet is to be disposed between the prism sheet and the display element, and an average microindentation hardness of the buffer sheet is no greater than 250 N/mm2. The buffer sheet preferably has projections on a face on a side to face the prism sheet. The average microindentation hardness is preferably measured at the projections. The buffer sheet preferably includes a buffer layer to face the prism sheet, the buffer layer preferably containing a resin matrix and resin beads dispersed in the resin matrix. A haze value of the buffer sheet is preferably 20%-95%.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a signal control circuit includes a high-speed serial bus I/F circuit, a data conversion circuit, a trace circuit, and a memory arbitration circuit. The high-speed serial bus I/F circuit receives serial data from an external device by high-speed serial bus communication, and converts the serial data to parallel data. The data conversion circuit converts one of the parallel data to common data to be stored in an external memory. The trace circuit converts the other parallel data to trace data to be stored in the external memory. The memory arbitration circuit stores the common data in a common memory area of the external memory, stores the trace data in a trace memory area being different from the common memory area of the external memory, and when null is supplied from outside, does not store the trace data in the trace memory area.

Abstract: A transmission system of embodiments is a transmission system including a plurality of transmission stations connected together via a single transmission path. Each transmission station includes a sending controller, an obtaining unit, and a first storage. The obtaining unit is configured to obtain first information regarding sending or reception of a communication frame in synchronization with sending or reception of the communication frame. The first storage is configured to store the first information and second information indicating the date and time of obtaining the first information.

Abstract: A transmitting station includes a common memory, a receiver, a state-change information memory, a state-change table storage, and a state-change detection controller. The common memory includes a plurality of blocks storing therein data that is periodically broadcast by scan transmission among other transmitting stations. The state-change detection controller, when receiving the data from the other transmitting station, reads out from the state-change table storage a state detection word of the block corresponding to the other transmitting station of a transmission source of the relevant received data, and detects a state change of a word that is indicated by the common memory address stored in the state-change information memory in association with a target pointer that is an address pointer of the read-out state detection word.