Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a pair of electrodes and an electrolytic solution. At least one of the pair of electrodes includes an electrode current collector and an electrode material layer supported by the electrode current collector. The electrode material layer includes at least a conductive polymer. A log differential pore volume distribution of the electrode material layer has at least one peak in a range of a pore diameter of more than or equal to 50 nm.

Abstract: The present invention is a composition for detecting a latent fingerprint characterized in that the composition includes a 2-cyanoacrylate and a silicone oil, and that a content of the silicone oil is in a range from 700 to 9000 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the 2-cyanoacrylate. The composition may further include a fluorescent dye, a stabilizer, etc.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic saccharification of a lignocellulosic raw material, including adding a pretreated lignocellulosic raw material as a material suitable for an enzymatic saccharification reaction, together with an electrolyte containing a water-soluble salt, to water that contains a celluolose saccharification enzyme; saccharifying the raw material by an enzymatic saccharification reaction, as a suspension of the raw material having an electrical conductivity adjusted to 5-25 mS/cm; separating and recovering a reaction product and an enzyme-containing solution from the enzymatically saccharified treatment suspension; and recycling the recovered enzyme-containing solution as the enzyme for the enzymatic saccharification step.

Abstract: A method for the enzymatic saccharification of a lignocellulosic raw material, including adding a pretreated lignocellulosic raw material as a material suitable for an enzymatic saccharification reaction, together with an electrolyte containing a water-soluble salt, to water that contains a celluolose saccharification enzyme; saccharifying the raw material by an enzymatic saccharification reaction, as a suspension of the raw material having an electrical conductivity adjusted to 5-25 mS/cm; separating and recovering a reaction product and an enzyme-containing solution from the enzymatically saccharified treatment suspension; and recycling the recovered enzyme-containing solution as the enzyme for the enzymatic saccharification step.

Abstract: A cylinder direct injection spark-ignition engine comprises a cylinder block having cylinders. A cylinder head is fixedly mounted on a block deck of the cylinder block and has first and second intake ports for each cylinder. A fuel injector valve directly injects fuel into a combustion chamber corresponding to each cylinder. A spark plug has a tip end section projecting into the combustion chamber. A piston defines the combustion chamber between it and the cylinder head. The piston has, at its piston crown, a generally circular cavity having a center axis offset from a center axis of the piston toward the intake valves. A swirl control valve controls air flow in the first intake port in accordance with an engine operating condition.

Abstract: A cylinder direct injection spark-ignition engine in which fuel is directly injected into each cylinder. The engine comprises intake and exhaust valves movably disposed to a cylinder head. A piston is movably disposed in a cylinder in a cylinder block so as to define a combustion chamber. The piston is formed at its piston crown with a generally circular cavity having a center axis which is offset from a center axis of the piston toward the intake valve. A spark plug is provided such that its tip end section is disposed above a part of a peripheral portion of the circular cavity which part is located closer to the center axis of the piston than to periphery of the piston. A device for generating swirl of intake air in the combustion chamber is provided.

Abstract: A secondary air supply system for a supercharged engine includes a control valve which controls a diaphragm-operated valve. The control valve with solenoid is electrically controlled according to various engine operating conditions. The diaphragm-operated valve tightly closes the secondary air supply passage to prevent exhaust gas from flowing into the intake passage through the secondary air supply passage under a high engine load and high engine speed condition. The diaphragm-operated valve opens the secondary air supply passage to allow air to be supplied into the exhaust gas under a low engine load and low engine speed condition.

Abstract: A turbocharged internal combustion engine comprises an intake air passageway in which a throttle valve is pivotally disposed. A turbocharger compressor wheel is disposed in the intake air passageway upstream of the throttle valve. An intake air bypass passageway is connected to the intake air passageway bypassing the throttle valve and provided with an air regulator. Additionally, a check valve is disposed in the bypass passageway downstream of the air regulator to prevent intake air from its reverse flow in a direction from the intake air passageway downstream of the throttle valve toward the air regulator, thereby avoiding lowering in supercharging efficiency of the turbocharger.