Abstract: An apparatus includes: an image carrier; a charger to uniformly charge a surface of the image carrier; an exposing unit to perform write scanning on the image carrier; a developing unit that includes a developer carrier carrying a developer including a toner and that is configured to perform a visible image process on an electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier; and a transferor to transfer a toner image that has been subjected to the process onto a material. If length Lg of a non-image part directly before an image part in an image carrier moving direction has the relation of Lg??·Ds/(Vs/Vp), where Vp and Vs are circumferential velocities of the image carrier and the developer carrier and Ds is a diameter of the developer carrier, suppression of toner attachment on the material is controlled in a predetermined length from an image front end in the direction.

Abstract: A developing device to develop a latent image includes a developer bearer including a rotatable, hollow developer supporter to carry two-component developer on a surface thereof, and a stationary magnetic field generator having multiple magnetic poles and disposed inside the hollow developer supporter, and a magnetic field adjuster. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic flux on the surface of the hollow developer supporter, and the magnetic field adjuster suppresses a maximum value of magnetic flux density in a tangential direction to the surface of the hollow developer supporter from a predetermined value for image formation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, an intermediate transfer member, a primary transfer member, and a power supply unit to form a primary-transfer electric-field between the image carrier and the primary transfer member by performing constant-current control. The primary transfer member also detects a change in a primary transfer voltage in a sub-scanning direction that is applied to the primary transfer member from the power supply unit in the sub-scanning direction. There is a conductive member, a secondary transfer member, and a secondary-transfer electric-field forming member to apply a secondary transfer current to the secondary transfer member or the conductive member. A control device controls the secondary transfer current applied to the secondary transfer member or the conductive member in accordance with the change in the primary transfer voltage in the sub-scanning direction detected by the power supply unit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes: an image carrier; a charger to uniformly charge a surface of the image carrier; an exposing unit to perform write scanning on the image carrier; a developing unit that includes a developer carrier carrying a developer including a toner and that is configured to perform a visible image process on an electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier; and a transferor to transfer a toner image that has been subjected to the process onto a material. If length Lg of a non-image part directly before an image part in an image carrier moving direction has the relation of Lg??·Ds/(Vs/Vp), where Vp and Vs are circumferential velocities of the image carrier and the developer carrier and Ds is a diameter of the developer carrier, suppression of toner attachment on the material is controlled in a predetermined length from an image front end in the direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus include an image carrier, an intermediate transfer member, a primary transfer member, a power supply unit to form a primary-transfer electric-field between the image carrier and the primary transfer member by applying a primary transfer current to the primary transfer member by performing constant-current control and to detect a change in a primary transfer voltage in a sub-scanning direction that is applied to the primary transfer member from the power supply unit in the sub-scanning direction, a conductive member, a secondary transfer member, a secondary-transfer electric-filed forming member to apply a secondary transfer current to the secondary transfer member or the conductive member, and a control device to control the secondary transfer current applied to the secondary transfer member or the conductive member in accordance with the change in the primary transfer voltage in the sub-scanning direction detected by the power supply unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of color toner development devices, a recycled toner development device, at least one cleaning device, a toner collecting and supplying device, and an image pattern generation device. The plurality of color toner development devices store separate color toners, and the recycled toner development device stores recycled toner. The at least one cleaning device removes toner remaining on at least one image carrying member after a transfer operation. The toner collecting and supplying device stores and supplies the removed toner to the recycled toner development device. The image pattern generation device generates image patterns developed by the plurality of color toner development devices and the recycled toner development device based on a characteristic of developer and a color of the recycled toner stored in the recycled toner development device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of color toner development devices, a recycled toner development device, at least one cleaning device, a toner collecting and supplying device, and an image pattern generation device. The plurality of color toner development devices store separate color toners, and the recycled toner development device stores recycled toner. The at least one cleaning device removes toner remaining on at least one image carrying member after a transfer operation. The toner collecting and supplying device stores and supplies the removed toner to the recycled toner development device. The image pattern generation device generates image patterns developed by the plurality of color toner development devices and the recycled toner development device based on a characteristic of developer and a color of the recycled toner stored in the recycled toner development device.