Abstract: An optical path unit and a liquid crystal display device excellent in luminance in the front direction are provided. A backlight unit 2, two prism films 4a and 4b, a first polarizing plate 5, a liquid crystal cell 1 having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates, and a second polarizing plate 6 are disposed in the sequence. The prism films 4a and 4b are provided with a plurality of linear prisms in parallel on a light incident surface, the linear prisms having a polygonal and tapered cross section and an endmost vertex angle of 90° to 110°. The first polarizing plate 5 and the second polarizing plate 6 are disposed such that transmission axes thereof have a crossed Nicols relationship.

Abstract: A birefringent film which comprises a compound having a proton-accepting group and a compound having a proton-donating group; and a birefringent film which comprises a compound having a proton-accepting group and a proton-donating group. The proton-accepting group and proton-donating group are combined with each other through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell, a backlight device, a first light diffusing layer, a first polarizer, and a second light diffusing layer. The first light diffusing layer includes a light diffusing plate and a prism sheet, and has light distribution characteristics such that a luminance value in a direction of 70 degrees with respect to a normal of a light incidence plane of the liquid crystal cell is 20% or less with respect to a luminance value in a direction of the normal. The second light diffusing layer includes a second polarizer and a light diffusing membrane. The backlight device is divided into a plurality of regions and is capable of controlling luminance per region.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, display with a wide viewing angle and high color reproducibility is achieved and superior contrast is obtained. In addition, a viewing angle is enlarged without using a retarder. The liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell 1, a backlight device 2, a first light diffusing layer 3, a first polarizer 4, and a second light diffusing layer 5. The first light diffusing layer 3 comprises a light diffusing plate 31 and a prism sheet 32. The first light diffusing layer 3 has light distribution characteristics such that a luminance value in a direction of 70 degrees with respect to a normal of a light incidence plane of the liquid crystal cell is 20% or less with respect to a luminance value in a direction of the normal. The second light diffusing layer 5 comprises a second polarizer 51 and a light diffusing membrane 52. In addition, the backlight device 2 is divided into a plurality of regions and is capable of controlling luminance per region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device provided with a back light device can relieve lamp images without lowering the utilization efficiency of the light emitted from the back light device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device provided with a back light device can relieve lamp images without lowering the utilization efficiency of the light emitted from the back light device.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical film which is capable of impeding the occurrence of a failure of display quality at wide view angles, impeding the occurrence of the degradation of the front contrast, achieving a high transmission image definition, and impeding the occurrence of scintillation, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same. On a substrate film 71, an anti-glare layer 72 in which translucent fine particles 722 are dispersed and mixed in a translucent resin 721 is laminated. The average particle size of the translucent fine particles 722 is set at 0.5 ?m or more and less than 5 ?m, and the content of the translucent fine particles 722 is set at 35 parts by weight or more and 60 parts by weight or less in relation to 100 parts by weight of the translucent resin. The layer thickness of the anti-glare layer 72 is set at one or more and three or less times the average particle size of the translucent fine particles 722.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device comprising an optical film capable of impeding the occurrence of a failure of display quality at wide view angles, enhancing the front contrast and the transmission image definition, and impeding the occurrence of scintillation. On a substrate film 71, an anti-glare layer 72 in which translucent fine particles 722 are dispersed and mixed in a translucent resin 721 is laminated. The average particle size of the translucent fine particles 722 is set at 5 ?m or more and less than 20 ?m, and the content of the translucent fine particles 722 is set at 25 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less in relation to 100 parts by weight of the translucent resin. The layer thickness of the anti-glare layer 72 is set at one or more and three or less times the average particle size of the translucent fine particles 722.

Abstract: The luminance in the front direction is enhanced in an illumination device provided with a light source, a light diffusion means, and a light-collecting means disposed in this order. The light source 1 is provided with a rectangular parallelepiped case 12 having an opening 121 and a plurality of CCFLs 11 disposed in the case 12. A light diffusion plate 2 is mounted so as to close the opening 121 of the case 12. The light-collecting means 3 has two prism films 31 and 32 which are disposed on the light-exiting surface of the light diffusion plate 2 such that ridge lines of linear prisms are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: An optical path unit and a liquid crystal display device excellent in luminance in the front direction are provided. A backlight unit 2, two prism films 4a and 4b, a first polarizing plate 5, a liquid crystal cell 1 having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates, and a second polarizing plate 6 are disposed in the sequence. The prism films 4a and 4b are provided with a plurality of linear prisms in parallel on a light incident surface, the linear prisms having a polygonal and tapered cross section and an endmost vertex angle of 90° to 110°. The first polarizing plate 5 and the second polarizing plate 6 are disposed such that transmission axes thereof have a crossed Nicols relationship.

Abstract: A composition comprising a polymerizable compound of the formula (1) and a rod-shaped polymerizable liquid crystal compound: P2-E2-X2-B2-A2-(G2)t-Y-(G1)s-A1-B1-X1-E1-P1??(1) (in the formula (1), Y represents a di-valent group, s and t represent each independently an integer of 0 or 1, G1 and G2 when s and t are 1 represent each independently —CR1R2—, R1 and R2 represent each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen atom or hydrogen atom, A1 and A2 represent each independently a di-valent cyclic hydrocarbon group, di-valent heterocyclic group, methylenephenylene group, oxyphenylene group or thiophenylene group, B1 and B2 represent each independently a di-valent group, X1 and X2 represent each independently a di-valent group, E1 and E2 represent each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and P1 and P2 represent a hydrogen atom or polymerizable group, at least one of P1 and P2 being a polymerizable group.).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a novel dendrimer serving as an organic semiconductor material which is isotropic and which exhibits remarkably high carrier conductivity. Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic device employing the dendrimer. These objects are attained by a dendrimer having a branching structure in which repeating units each having a branch portion are repeatedly linked through the divergent method or the convergent method, each of said repeating units having a structure represented by formula (1), and containing a linear portion X formed of an optionally substituted divalent organic group and a branch portion Y formed of an optionally substituted trivalent organic group: characterized in that the linear portion X contains at least one thienylene moiety and is at least partially conjugated with the branch portion Y.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving natural and high-quality color display without reddish color shift, not only when viewed in the normal direction but also when viewed obliquely. A liquid crystal display device 1 of the present invention includes a light diffuser plate 3, a light source 2 disposed on the back side of the light diffuser plate 3, and a liquid crystal panel 30 disposed on the front side of the light diffuser plate 3, wherein the light diffuser plate 3 is constituted by dispersing light diffusing particles in a transparent material, and the absolute value of a difference ?n in the refractive index between the transparent material and the light diffusing particles and a 50% cumulative particle diameter D50 (?m) of the light diffusing particles satisfy a relation 0.01??n×D50?0.25 or 0.61??n×D50?0.75.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus provided with liquid crystal compensation plates and ?/4 plates on both sides of a liquid crystal cell, in a sequence that the liquid crystal compensation plates, then the ?/4 plates. Further provided is Rth compensation film between the ?/4 plate and linear polarization film. Set substantially at zero is a retardation Rth1 in a perpendicular direction in a range from the linear polarization films to the ?/4 plates, excluding the ?/4 plates. This gives a retardation (in a perpendicular direction) for optically compensating the liquid crystal cell a closer position to the liquid crystal cell. As a result, a broad angle of visibility can be maintained, without losing a balance between viewing angle characteristics from the above position (or the bottom position) and those from the right position (or the left position), while it is possible to prevent contrast ratio in a front direction from being lowered. Therefore, an LCD having good display quality can be realized.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus, provided with liquid crystal compensation plates and ?/4 plates on both sides of a liquid crystal cell, in a sequence that the liquid crystal compensation plates, then the ?/4 plates. Further provided is Rth compensation film between the ?/4 plate and linear polarization film. Set substantially at zero is a retardation Rth1 in a perpendicular direction in a range from the linear polarization films to the ?/4 plates, excluding the ?/4 plates. This gives a retardation (in a perpendicular direction) for optically compensating the liquid crystal cell a closer position to the liquid crystal cell. As a result, a broad angle of visibility can be maintained, without losing a balance between viewing angle characteristics from the above position (or the bottom position) and those from the right position (or the left position), while it is possible to prevent contrast ratio in a front direction from being lowered. Therefore, an LCD having good display quality can be realized.

Abstract: This invention provides an optical film, which can freely regulate the tilt angle and can easily be manufactured without simultaneously regulating polymerization and mixing, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optical film is a film having birefringence. The film has been produced by association through an intermolecular hydrogen bond between at least two compounds having a refractive index anisotropy-providing structure and a proton-receptive group and at least one compound having a refractive index anisotropy-providing structure and a proton-providing group. The method for manufacturing the optical film comprises mixing at least two compounds having a refractive index anisotropy-providing structure and a proton-receptive group with at least one compound having a refractive index anisotropy-providing structure and a proton-providing group and forming a film from the mixture on an aligning film.

Abstract: A birefringent film which comprises a compound having a proton-accepting group and a compound having a proton-donating group; and a birefringent film which comprises a compound having a proton-accepting group and a proton-donating group. The proton-accepting group and proton-donating group are combined with each other through intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Abstract: A functional device includes a pair of electrodes 1 and 4 and a macromolecular structure including a hole-conducting layer 5 and an electron-conducting layer 2. The macromolecular structure includes a first hyperbranched macromolecule and a second hyperbranched macromolecule, at least one of the first hyperbranched macromolecule and the second hyperbranched macromolecule has a hole conductivity or an electron conductivity, one of the hole-conducting layer and the electron-conducting layer includes one of the first hyperbranched macromolecule and the second hyperbranched macromolecule, and the macromolecular structure has a self-assembled structure formed by a non-covalent interaction via the first hyperbranched macromolecule or the second hyperbranched macromolecule in at least one of the hole-conducting layer, the electron-conducting layer and the interface between the hole-conducting layer and the electron-conducting layer.

Abstract: A transistor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an organic layer provided between the first and second electrodes, and a third electrode for use to apply an electric field to the organic layer. The organic layer includes a polymer inclusion complex.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transmission type display apparatus (4) capable of maintaining uniform and high luminance with a smaller number of light sources (21, 22, . . . ). The transmission type display apparatus (4) of the present invention comprises a transmission type liquid crystal display panel (5) and a surface emission light source device (1) that illuminates the transmission type liquid crystal display panel (5) with illuminating light (F1) from behind thereof, wherein the surface emission light source device emits collimated light (F1) toward the front side in the normal direction (a) over the entire surface, and a light diffusing part (7) is disposed on the front side of the transmission type liquid crystal display panel (5) for transmitting incident light (F2), that enters on the back surface thereof, while diffusing the light (F2) isotropically.