Abstract: An organic light-emitting device containing both a compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2) has a high light emission efficiency. The rings a to c each are a benzene ring that can be optionally condensed, R1 and R2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., four of R31 to R35 each are a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, but all of these four are not the same, and the remaining one is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, etc.

Abstract: A steering wheel, in which a vibration device including a vibration motor is attached, the steering wheel includes: a ring portion including a core member and a thickness-reduced portion, reducing mass, provided with the core member. The vibration device is housed in the thickness-reduced portion and attached to the core member.

Abstract: A steering wheel, in which a vibration device including a vibration motor is attached, the steering wheel includes: a ring portion including a core member and a thickness-reduced portion, reducing mass, provided with the core member. The vibration device is housed in the thickness-reduced portion and attached to the core member.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer bearing member bearing a developer on a surface in a developing operation, a regulating member configured to regulate layer thickness of the developer borne on the developer bearing member, a development chamber provided with the developer bearing member and the regulating member and having an opening, a storage chamber to store the developer, and a conveying member to convey the developer stored in the storage chamber to the development chamber through the opening. When the developing operation is performed, a bottom section of the development chamber is located above a bottom section of the storage chamber in a vertical direction, and a contact region of the developer bearing member in contact with the regulating member is located directly above the opening in the vertical direction.

Abstract: In a developing apparatus, a cartridge, and an image forming apparatus, the positions of a regulating section, an opening, a bottom section of a development chamber, and a bottom section of a storage chamber are in a specific positional relationship, an optical discharging section is provided in a specific position, or the structure of a regulating member is a specific structure.

Abstract: In a developing apparatus, a cartridge, and an image forming apparatus, the positions of a regulating section, an opening, a bottom section of a development chamber, and a bottom section of a storage chamber are in a specific positional relationship, an optical discharging section is provided in a specific position, or the structure of a regulating member is a specific structure.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer bearing member configured to bear a developer on a surface, a regulating member that regulates layer thickness of the developer on the developer bearing member, and a developer conveying member. In addition, a frame has a development chamber in which the developer bearing member and the regulating member are provided, a storage chamber in which the conveying member is provided and the developer is stored, and an opening through which the developer passes into the development chamber. The developing apparatus collects the developer remaining on the developer bearing member into the storage chamber after the developer on the developer bearing member is transferred onto a transfer material. The regulating material includes a step portion that forms a gap between the regulating member and the developer bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided that includes a light-emitting unit which emits light to an image bearing member which bears a developer image and that detects presence or absence of a developer container storing developer or a shape of the developer container on the basis of the number of electrons discharged from or received by the image bearing member when the light-emitting unit emits the light.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer bearing member configured to bear a developer on a surface, a regulating member that regulates layer thickness of the developer on the developer bearing member, and a developer conveying member. In addition, a frame has a development chamber in which the developer bearing member and the regulating member are provided, a storage chamber in which the conveying member is provided and the developer is stored, and an opening through which the developer passes into the development chamber. The developing apparatus collects the developer remaining on the developer bearing member into the storage chamber after the developer on the developer bearing member is transferred onto a transfer material. The regulating material includes a step portion that forms a gap between the regulating member and the developer bearing member.

Abstract: When an outer diameter of a charging member is defined as Hc, a ratio of the circumferential velocity of the charging member to the circumferential velocity of an image bearing member is defined as Rc, an outer diameter of a developer bearing member is defined as Hd, and a ratio of the circumferential velocity of the developer bearing member to the circumferential velocity of the image bearing member is defined as Rd, the relationship Hc/Rc?Hd/Rd is satisfied.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer bearing member configured to bear a developer on a surface, a regulating member that regulates layer thickness of the developer on the developer bearing member, and a development chamber provided with the developer bearing member and the regulating member and having an opening. A storage chamber stores the developer, and a conveying member in the storage chamber conveys the stored developer to the development chamber through the opening. The developing apparatus collects, after the developer on the image bearing member is transferred onto a transfer material, the developer remaining on the image bearing member into the storage chamber, wherein a bottom section of the development chamber is located above a bottom section of the storage chamber in a vertical direction. A contact region of the developer bearing member in contact with the regulating member is located directly above the opening in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposure device configured to expose image bearing members charged by charging devices to form latent images on the image bearing members, and a control unit configured to, in ether one or both of an image forming unit A and an image forming unit B, adjust an amount of exposure by which the image bearing member is exposed and a charging voltage based on information about the image bearing members of the image forming units A and B. The control unit is configured to make the charging voltage and the amount of exposure in the image forming unit A different from the charging voltage and the amount of exposure in the image forming unit B.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: image forming stations each including: a photosensitive drum; a charger configured to charge the drum; a transfer device configured to transfer a developer image on the drum onto an intermediate transfer member; and a cleaner configured to remove developer from the drum; an exposure device configured to expose the drum to form a latent image; the intermediate transfer member; a memory storing information on the drum; and a controller configured to control at least one of the charger, transfer device, and exposure device in the station based on the information in the memory to provide a predetermined potential difference between the drum and the transfer device to form an electric field therebetween in a reverse direction to that in an image formation in order to move the developer from the intermediate transfer member to the drum to collect the developer by the cleaner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging apparatus, an exposure apparatus configured to expose the image bearing member charged by the charging apparatus to form an electrostatic latent image, a developing apparatus provided with a developer accommodation section and configured to develop the electrostatic latent image, a signal output unit configured to output a first signal for exposing a printing part of the image bearing member and a second signal for exposing a non-printing part of the image bearing member, a counting apparatus configured to receive the electric signal output from the signal output unit and count the first signals and the second signals, and a calculation apparatus configured to obtain a use amount of the developer by the developing apparatus from count values of the first signals and the second signals counted by the counting apparatus.

Abstract: When the outer diameter of a charging member 3 is defined as Hc, the ratio of the circumferential velocity of the charging member 3 to the circumferential velocity of an image bearing member 1 is defined as Rc, the outer diameter of a developer bearing member 9 is defined as Hd, and the ratio of the circumferential velocity of the developer bearing member 9 to the circumferential velocity of the image bearing member 1 is defined as Rd, the relationship Hc/Rc?Hd/Rd is satisfied.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided that includes a light-emitting unit which emits light to an image bearing member which bears a developer image and that detects presence or absence of a developer container storing developer or a shape of the developer container on the basis of the number of electrons discharged from or received by the image bearing member when the light-emitting unit emits the light.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes photosensitive drums, charging devices, an exposure unit configured to expose surfaces of photosensitive drums to generate a non-image portion potential and expose the surfaces to generate an image portion potential, developing members configured to make a developer adhere to an area where the image portion potential is generated to form a developer image on the photosensitive drums, a control unit configured to control an intensity of the charging voltage, and an acquisition unit configured to acquire thicknesses of photosensitive layers of the respective plurality of photosensitive drums, wherein the control unit is configured to set the intensity of a charging voltage applied to the common charging devices according to a maximum thickness among the thicknesses acquired by the acquisition unit, and individually control the output of the first laser power for the photosensitive drum according to surface potentials of the charged photosensitive drums.

Abstract: A developing device usable with an image forming apparatus includes a developer carrying member for carrying a developer, a developer accommodating portion for accommodating a developer, and a guiding member having an inclined surface contacting the developer carrying member. The inclined surface guides a developer to a contact portion where the inclined surface contacts the developer carrying member to cause the developer to be carried on the developer carrying member. A regulating member regulates an amount of the developer carried on the developer carrying member. An inclination angle of the inclined surface is in a range not less than an angle of rest of the developer and less than 90 degrees.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus is capable of executing a color mode for forming images of a plurality of colors using the plurality of developer bearing members, and a mono-mode for forming images of mono color using one developer bearing member of the plurality of developer bearing members. The control unit, when the color mode is executed, determines the charging bias and, the first laser power and the second laser power for respective image bearing members, based on information about the plurality of image bearing members. The control unit, when the mono-mode is executed, determines the charging bias and, the first laser power and the second laser power to image bearing member for mono-mode, based on information about image bearing member for mono-mode.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer carrying member, rotatable while carrying a developer, for supplying developer to an image bearing member, a developer supplying member, which is provided with a foam layer at its surface and is rotatable in contact with the developer carrying member, for supplying the developer to the developer carrying member, and a first gear for transmitting a driving force to the developer supplying member. The first gear is movable to a first position where the driving force is not transmitted to the developer supplying member and to a second position where the driving force is transmitted to the developer supplying member. During initial drive of the developer carrying member, the developer supplying member is rotated by a frictional force generated between the developer supplying member and the developer carrying member, with the first gear to be moved from the first position to the second position.