Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a flexible and scalable operating system achieving a fast boot. A computing system is described that includes a reserved static object memory configured to store predefined static threads, and a secure kernel configured to be executed in a fast boot mode. The secure kernel further may be configured to chain the static threads to a secure kernel thread queue stored in a secure kernel work memory, and to create temporary threads in the secure kernel work memory during the fast boot mode. The computing system may include a main kernel configured to be initialized by creating dynamic threads in a main kernel work memory during the fast boot mode. The main kernel may be configured to chain the static threads to a main kernel thread queue, and to assume control of the static threads from the secure kernel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a flexible and scalable operating system achieving a fast boot. A computing system is described that includes a reserved static object memory configured to store predefined static threads, and a secure kernel configured to be executed in a fast boot mode. The secure kernel further may be configured to chain the static threads to a secure kernel thread queue stored in a secure kernel work memory, and to create temporary threads in the secure kernel work memory during the fast boot mode. The computing system may include a main kernel configured to be initialized by creating dynamic threads in a main kernel work memory during the fast boot mode. The main kernel may be configured to chain the static threads to a main kernel thread queue, and to assume control of the static threads from the secure kernel.

Abstract: In a navigation system using a bird's-eye view display mode, map data on a plan view map are subjected to a perspective projection conversion to obtain drawing data on a bird's-eye view map. In this case, an input of the position of a view point is accepted, and a projection plane for a bird's-eye view is determined on the basis of the coordinates of a current position and a destination and the position of the view point so that the display positions of the two points which have been subjected to perspective-projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions. Alternatively, an input of a scale is accepted, and the position of the view point and the projection plane are determined on the basis of the coordinates of the two points and the scale so that the display positions of the two points after the perspective projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions and the drawing scale is coincident with the input scale.

Abstract: In a navigation system using a bird's-eye view display mode, map data on a plan view map are subjected to a perspective projection conversion to obtain drawing data on a bird's-eye view map. An input of the position of a view point is accepted, and a projection plane for a bird's-eye view is determined so that the display positions of the two points which have been subjected to perspective-projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions. Alternatively, an input of a scale is accepted, so that the display positions of the two points after the perspective projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions and the drawing scale is coincident with the input scale. In a further alternative, an input of the projection angle is accepted, and the projection plane is determined on the basis of the projection angle and the position of the view point.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: In a navigation system using a bird's-eye view display mode, map data on a plan view map are subjected to a perspective projection conversion to obtain drawing data on a bird's-eye view map. In this case, an input of the position of a view point is accepted, and a projection plane for a bird's-eye view is determined on the basis of the coordinates of a current position and a destination and the position of the view point so that the display positions of the two points which have been subjected to perspective-projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions. Alternatively, an input of a scale is accepted, and the position of the view point and the projection plane are determined on the basis of the coordinates of the two points and the scale so that the display positions of the two points after the perspective projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions and the drawing scale is coincident with the input scale.

Abstract: In a navigation system using a bird's-eye view display mode, map data on a plan view map are subjected to a perspective projection conversion to obtain drawing data on a bird's-eye view map. In this case, an input of the position of a view point is accepted, and a projection plane for a bird's-eye view is determined on the basis of the coordinates of a current position and a destination and the position of the view point so that the display positions of the two points which have been subjected to perspective-projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions. Alternatively, an input of a scale is accepted, and the position of the view point and the projection plane are determined on the basis of the coordinates of the two points and the scale so that the display positions of the two points after the perspective projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions and the drawing scale is coincident with the input scale.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: In a navigation system using a bird's-eye view display mode, map data on a plan view map are subjected to a perspective projection conversion to obtain drawing data on a bird's-eye view map. In this case, an input of the position of a view point is accepted, and a projection plane for a bird's-eye view is determined on the basis of the coordinates of a current position and a destination and the position of the view point so that the display positions of the two points which have been subjected to perspective-projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions. Alternatively, an input of a scale is accepted, and the position of the view point and the projection plane are determined on the basis of the coordinates of the two points and the scale so that the display positions of the two points after the perspective projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions and the drawing scale is coincident with the input scale.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: In a navigation system using a bird's-eye view display mode, map data on a plan view map are subjected to a perspective projection conversion to obtain drawing data on a bird's-eye view map. In this case, an input of the position of a view point is accepted, and a projection plane for a bird's-eye view is determined on the basis of the coordinates of a current position and a destination and the position of the view point so that the display positions of the two points which have been subjected to perspective-projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions. Alternatively, an input of a scale is accepted, and the position of the view point and the projection plane are determined on the basis of the coordinates of the two points and the scale so that the display positions of the two points after the perspective projection conversion are coincident with predetermined positions and the drawing scale is coincident with the input scale.

Abstract: A navigation apparatus for displaying most appropriately information such as character strings, routes, etc., when a map is displayed by bird's-eye view display. The navigation apparatus includes a portion for calculating the present position on the basis of information from sensors, a portion for executing perspective conversion operation for displaying a map by bird's-eye view display, a portion for disposing the present position or the present position and a position representing a destination at the most suitable positions, a portion for controlling so that overlap of character strings can be eliminated, a portion for controlling the same character strings, a portion for displaying most appropriately a background such as lines and planes, a portion for controlling marks to be displayed, and a portion for executing graphic plotting by using the resulting map data.

Abstract: A map display apparatus for displaying perspective image of a map. The apparatus includes an image display device for displaying the perspective image of the map and a map data storage device for storing map data. Map drawing means is included for preparing map drawing data using the map data and for displaying a perspective image of the map on the display device on the basis of the drawing data. The map drawing means transforms coordinate data of a map into data suitable for display of the perspective image of the map. The data transformation is accomplished by perspectively projecting the coordinate data onto a predetermined projection plane with a view point at a desired position. The projection plane is determined on the basis of two predetermined points in the map data, such as the current position of a vehicle and the destination, so that drawing positions of the two points after the perspectively projecting operation are coincident with predetermined positions.

Abstract: A navigation system for vehicles comprises a read device that reads planar map data from a recording medium which stores in memory planimetric map data of a road map, a current position detection device that detects the current position of the vehicle, a storage circuit that stores in memory function tables for converting positional coordinates of nodes included in a road map area around the detected current position to positional coordinates of nodes on a bird's-eye-view map obtained by looking down upon the road map in a specific direction, at a specific look-down angle and a specific aspect angle from a viewpoint set above the vicinity of the detected current position and a bird's-eye-view map display data preparation circuit that reads out data related to coordinate positions of nodes on the bird's-eye-view map by operating the conversion table with the coordinate positions of nodes on the road map and prepares bird's-eye-view map display data for displaying the bird's-eye-view map on the monitor based up

Abstract: A navigation apparatus for displaying most appropriately information such as character strings, routes, etc., when a map is displayed by bird's-eye view display. The navigation apparatus includes a portion for calculating the present position on the basis of information from sensors, a portion for executing perspective conversion operation for displaying a map by bird's-eye view display, a portion for disposing the present position or the present position and a position representing a destination at the most suitable positions, a portion for controlling so that overlap of character strings can be eliminated, a portion for controlling the same character strings, a portion for displaying most appropriately a background such as lines and planes, a portion for controlling marks to be displayed, and a portion for executing graphic plotting by using the resulting map data.

Abstract: A radio signal transmitter for use in an automotive keyless entry system, is resistant to damage even when subject bending stresses. The radio code transmitter has a thin housing. A substrate for a transmitter circuit is housed within the thin internal space of the housing. A plurality of circuit components making up the transmitter circuit are mounted on the substrate. The circuit components are arranged in such a manner that relatively large components are near the edges of the substrate and relatively small components are nearer the center of the substrate.

Abstract: A plane patch antenna including patch and earth conductive plate members maintained in spaced-parallel relation to each other. A feeder shaft extends from the patch plate member for electrical connection of the patch plate member to a lead wire. The feeder shaft has a tapered portion extending from the patch plate member toward the earth plate member. The tapered portion has a cross-sectional area decreasing as going away from the patch plate member.

Abstract: A plane antenna comprising first and second plates made of a synthetic resin. The first plate has a first metal film formed thereon and the second plate has a second metal film formed thereon. A plurality of pins extend between the first and second plates for maintaining the first and second plates in spaced-parallel relation to each other with the first and second films facing to each other. The pins include at least one first pin for providing an electric connection between the first and second metal films and a second pin insulated from the second metal film for providing an electric connection of the first metal film to a lead wire. The first and second metal films have a spacific resistance .rho. [m] and a permeability .mu. [H/m]. The first and second metal films have a thickness greater than a value t [m] calculated from an equation as follows: ##EQU1## where f is a signal frequency [Hz] for which the plane antenna is used.

Abstract: A keyless entry system employs a pocket-portable radio signal transmitter to be carried by a user and a controller mounted on a vehicle and associated with a vehicle device, such as a door lock mechanism, a trunk lid opener, a window regulator, a steering lock device and so forth, to be operated. Radio signal communication between the transmitter and the controller is performed by electromagnetic induction. According to the present invention, electromagnetic induction is caused between antennas in the transmitter and the controller. In order to provide wide communication area, at least the antenna of the controller serves as a transformer to generate higher loop current for generating sufficiently strong magnetic field therearound.