Abstract: An electronic control device includes a nonvolatile memory having allocated two storage areas that are exclusively switchable between an active state and an inactive state, the two storage areas being set such that in a state in which a program is written in the storage area in the active state, a program is written for updating to the storage area in the inactive state in response to an instruction from an external device, followed by switching the storage area in the active state to the inactive state and switching the storage area in the inactive state to the active state. In the electronic control device, when the program written in the storage area in the active state differs from the program written in the storage area in the inactive state, the program written in the storage area switched to the active state is copied to the storage area in the inactive state.

Abstract: A carbon fiber precursor treatment agent contains a smoothing agent that includes an amino-modified silicone, at least one onium salt selected from the group consisting of organic sulfuric acid phosphonium salts, organic sulfonic acid phosphonium salts, quaternary ammonium salts of an organic sulfuric acid having an alkyl group with not less than 3 carbon atoms in the molecule, and quaternary ammonium salts of an organic sulfonic acid having an alkyl group with not less than 3 carbon atoms in the molecule, and a nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: Organosilicone fine particles which are capable of responding to the highly advanced requirements of recent years imposed on them for purposes of actual use, including further improvement in optical characteristics such as total light transmittance and haze as well as heat-resistant colorability related to resin compositions, further improvement in usability (extensions and expansions at the time of use) and feeling (stickiness, roughness and durability) related to cosmetic materials and further improvement in matte effect and factual sense related to paint compositions, as well as methods of their production and cosmetic materials, resin compositions and paint compositions containing such particles are provided. Organosilicone fine particles have tetrahedral general shapes with surfaces each having a concave part with an approximately circular opening. The maximum external diameters L of the organosilicone fine particles have an average value in the range of 0.

Abstract: Organosilicone fine particles which are capable of responding to the highly advanced requirements of recent years imposed on them for purposes of actual use, including further improvement in optical characteristics such as total light transmittance and haze as well as heat-resistant colorability related to resin compositions, further improvement in usability (extensions and expansions at the time of use) and feeling (stickiness, roughness and durability) related to cosmetic materials and further improvement in matte effect and factual sense related to paint compositions, as well as methods of their production and cosmetic materials, resin compositions and paint compositions containing such particles are provided. Organosilicone fine particles have tetrahedral general shapes with surfaces each having a concave part with an approximately circular opening. The maximum external diameters L of the organosilicone fine particles have an average value in the range of 0.