Abstract: An organic light-emitting device containing both a compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2) has a high light emission efficiency. The rings a to c each are a benzene ring that can be optionally condensed, R1 and R2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, etc., four of R31 to R35 each are a substituted or unsubstituted carbazol-9-yl group, but all of these four are not the same, and the remaining one is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, etc.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a feeder, a conveyance section, an image forming section, a light emitter, a light receiver, a measuring section, and a permeation depth calculator. The feeder feeds a sheet. The conveyance section conveys the sheet. The image forming section forms an image on the sheet conveyed by the conveyance section using an ink. The light emitter emits near-infrared light to the sheet with the image thereon. The light receiver receives reflected light of the near-infrared light. The reflected light has been reflected by the sheet with the image thereon. The measuring section measures a received light quantity of the reflected light. The permeation depth calculator calculates a permeation depth of the ink permeating the sheet based on the received light quantity.

Abstract: A first light emitter emits light toward a sheet. A first light receiver receives first reflected light from the sheet. A second light emitter is arranged downstream of the first light emitter in a conveyance direction of the sheet and emits light toward the sheet. A second light receiver receives second reflected light from the sheet. A measuring section measures first and second received light quantities of the first reflected light and the second reflected light. A moisture content calculator calculates a change in a moisture content of the ink in the sheet based on a difference between first and second moisture contents. The first moisture content is based on the first received light quantity and the second moisture content is based on the second received light quantity. A curling amount calculator calculates a curling amount of the sheet based on the change in the moisture content.

Abstract: A first light emitter emits light toward a sheet. A first light receiver receives first reflected light from the sheet. A second light emitter is arranged downstream of the first light emitter in a conveyance direction of the sheet and emits light toward the sheet. A second light receiver receives second reflected light from the sheet. A measuring section measures first and second received light quantities of the first reflected light and the second reflected light. A moisture content calculator calculates a change in a moisture content of the ink in the sheet based on a difference between first and second moisture contents. The first moisture content is based on the first received light quantity and the second moisture content is based on the second received light quantity. A curling amount calculator calculates a curling amount of the sheet based on the change in the moisture content.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a feeder, a conveyance section, an image forming section, a light emitter, a light receiver, a measuring section, and a permeation depth calculator. The feeder feeds a sheet. The conveyance section conveys the sheet. The image forming section forms an image on the sheet conveyed by the conveyance section using an ink. The light emitter emits near-infrared light to the sheet with the image thereon. The light receiver receives reflected light of the near-infrared light. The reflected light has been reflected by the sheet with the image thereon. The measuring section measures a received light quantity of the reflected light. The permeation depth calculator calculates a permeation depth of the ink permeating the sheet based on the received light quantity.

Abstract: A user location information detection and tracking system includes an IC tag that a user can carry, a user terminal configured to receive identification information outputted from the IC tag, a magnetic field device configured to form a magnetic field in a predetermined area, and a managing device communicably connected to the user terminal. The IC tag outputs at a predetermined timing, as the identification information, tag ID for identifying the IC tag, in response to detection of the magnetic field formed by the magnetic field device, the IC tag outputs, as the identification information, magnetic field identification information for identifying the magnetic field, and in response to the identification information received from the IC tag, the user terminal sends the identification information to the managing device.

Abstract: A user location information detection and tracking system includes an IC tag that a user can carry, a user terminal configured to receive identification information outputted from the IC tag, a magnetic field device configured to form a magnetic field in a predetermined area, and a managing device communicably connected to the user terminal. The IC tag outputs at a predetermined timing, as the identification information, tag ID for identifying the IC tag, in response to detection of the magnetic field formed by the magnetic field device, the IC tag outputs, as the identification information, magnetic field identification information for identifying the magnetic field, and in response to the identification information received from the IC tag, the user terminal sends the identification information to the managing device.

Abstract: A communication network including non-GMPLS nodes is treated as a virtual single GMPLS node by a GMPLS integrated controller, in which, when fault recovery is possible within the communication network including the non-GMPLS nodes, the fault recovery is autonomously performed. When fault recovery is unlikely to be achieved within the communication network including the non-GMPLS nodes, GMPLS-based fault recovery process is activated to effectively recover from the fault.

Abstract: In a GMPLS node provided with inter-node control protocols including GMPLS, when an adjacent node is in a failure state, path establishment is automatically accomplished by providing a temporary reply to a path establishment request source node in response to a path establishment request, securing a source of an intermediate route, repeatedly transmitting a path establishment request to the adjacent node in the failure state according to specified conditions after completion of temporary path establishment, performing a path establishment process for the remaining section when the adjacent node recovers from the failure, and then transmitting a path establishment completion notification message to the request source node.

Abstract: In a network in which GMPLS-implemented nodes and GMPLS-not-implemented nodes coexist, the GMPLS-implemented nodes cannot control the GMPLS-not-implemented nodes. To solve this, the GMPLS-implemented nodes suspend GMPLS control when the GMPLS control is started, and transmit a GMPLS control start message to a monitoring/control device. The monitoring/control device determines whether GMPLS-not-implemented nodes exist on a GMPLS control target LSP, when they exist, performs all settings necessary for the GMPLS-not-implemented nodes, and then transmits a GMPLS control suspension release message to resume the GMPLS control.

Abstract: An optically active oligomer obtained by polycondensation of an (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid alkyl ester and at least one of a diol, a diamine and an amino alcohol and an optically active polymer obtained by copolymerization of said oligomer and a monomer selected from diisocyanic acid esters, dicarboxylic acid derivatives, and dichlorosilanes are disclosed. Novel functional polymers with biodegradability and hydrolyzability are produced with industrial advantage.