Abstract: [Problem] A method for measuring a viscoelastic modulus of a substance and an apparatus for measuring the viscoelastic modulus of the substance are provided for allowing information on viscoelasticity of an adsorption substance to be expressed by moduli G? and G? which are generally used when expressing viscoelasticity, and for further allowing calculation of the viscoelastic modulus in real time.

Abstract: [Problem] A viscoelasticity measuring method and a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus are provided which can measure viscoelasticity of a sample substance even when the quantity of the sample substance is minute.

Abstract: A crystal oscillator, and a measurement method using same are provided with which the density of a solution can be measured alone, or both the density and the viscosity of a solution can be measured at the same time using a single detector provided for the crystal oscillator. A material to be measured is contacted to the crystal oscillator, and the crystal oscillator that includes electrodes formed on both surfaces of a piezoelectric plate, and an uneven-surface formed either on one of the electrodes disposed on the side in contact with the material to be measured, or on a detector formed on the electrode is oscillated. An amount of change in frequency (f2) that corresponds to the high-frequency side of two frequencies that represent a half value of a conductance maximum value of the crystal oscillator is measured to measure a density of the material.

Abstract: [Problem] A method for measuring a viscoelastic modulus of a substance and an apparatus for measuring the viscoelastic modulus of the substance are provided for allowing information on viscoelasticity of an adsorption substance to be expressed by moduli G? and G? which are generally used when expressing viscoelasticity, and for further allowing calculation of the viscoelastic modulus in real time.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an agitation method for sufficiently agitating a mixture of a solution such as a buffer solution and a material to be detected, with no need of any dedicated unit for agitation, for measurements using a quartz crystal oscillator. The method for agitating a liquefied material using a quartz crystal oscillator in vibrating the quartz crystal oscillator at a given frequency and measuring the variation of the frequency due to a substance in contact with the quartz crystal oscillator, is that the quartz crystal oscillator is vibrated at other frequency different from the given frequency and equal to or higher than the fundamental vibration frequency to agitate a liquid containing the substance.

Abstract: [Problem] A viscoelasticity measuring method and a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus are provided which can measure viscoelasticity of a sample substance even when the quantity of the sample substance is minute.

Abstract: [Problem] A crystal oscillator, and a measurement method using same are provided with which the density of a solution can be measured alone, or both the density and the viscosity of a solution can be measured at the same time using a single detector provided for the crystal oscillator. [Means for Solution] A material to be measured is contacted to the crystal oscillator, and the crystal oscillator that includes electrodes formed on both surfaces of a piezoelectric plate, and an uneven-surface formed either on one of the electrodes disposed on the side in contact with the material to be measured, or on a detector formed on the electrode is oscillated. An amount of change in frequency (f2) that corresponds to the high-frequency side of two frequencies that represent a half value of a conductance maximum value of the crystal oscillator is measured to measure a density of the material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is that any of mass load, viscous load and viscoelasticity load is measured separately from other load whereby properties of the substance to be measured are able to be measured correctly. The characteristic feature of the present invention is that, in a method where property of a substance contacting to a quartz oscillator equipped with electrodes on both sides of a quartz plate is measured on the basis of the changes in frequency of the above quartz oscillator, the property of the above substance is measured using at least two frequencies among the n-th overtone mode frequency (n=1, 3, 5, . . . (n=2k+1)) of quartz oscillator when voltage is applied between the above electrodes and using frequencies F1, F2 (F1<F2) giving one half of the maximum value of conductance near the resonant point by each frequency.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide an agitation method for sufficiently agitating a mixture of a solution such as a buffer solution and a material to be detected, with no need of any dedicated unit for agitation, for measurements using a quartz crystal oscillator. The method for agitating a liquefied material using a quartz crystal oscillator in vibrating the quartz crystal oscillator at a given frequency and measuring the variation of the frequency due to a substance in contact with the quartz crystal oscillator, is that the quartz crystal oscillator is vibrated at other frequency different from the given frequency and equal to or higher than the fundamental vibration frequency to agitate a liquid containing the substance.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is that any of mass load, viscous load and viscoelasticity load is measured separately from other load whereby properties of the substance to be measured are able to be measured correctly. The characteristic feature of the present invention is that, in a method where property of a substance contacting to a quartz oscillator equipped with electrodes on both sides of a quartz plate is measured on the basis of the changes in frequency of the above quartz oscillator, the property of the above substance is measured using at least two frequencies among the n-th overtone mode frequency (n=1, 3, 5, . . . (n=2k+1)) of quartz oscillator when voltage is applied between the above electrodes and using frequencies F1, F2 (F1<F2) giving one half of the maximum value of conductance near the resonant point by each frequency.

Abstract: A measuring method using a surface acoustic wave device, with which even in a case where a target substance having a different viscosity is added to a buffer liquid on the surface acoustic wave device it is possible to measure a mass load accurately without suffering an effect of this viscous load, and it is also possible to shorten the time taken for the temperature of the buffer liquid to stabilize and thereby shorten the time taken for the measurement.

Abstract: A measurement method and a biosensor apparatus using a resonator with which it is not necessary to agitate a sample solution in a cell and even if the amount of the sample solution is very small the influence of pressure waves is greatly reduced and extremely easy and accurate measurement is possible. In a method of the kind wherein a sample solution is brought into contact with one side of a resonator having first and second electrodes on opposite sides of a crystal plate and an a.c. signal is applied across the first and second electrodes and a frequency change of the resonator is measured from a relationship between the frequency of the a.c. signal and an electrical characteristic of the resonator, the resonator is made to oscillate at an N-tuple harmonic (N=3, 5, 7 . . . ) as the frequency change is measured.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator is immersed in a liquid, an AC signal is applied, and a local maximum of the conductance is determined. A frequency change due to the viscosity effect is determined from two frequencies of three frequencies including a resonance frequency that is applied at that local maximum, and first and second half-value frequencies at which a half-value conductance of half that local maximum is given. The influence of the mass effect can be eliminated, so that an accurate measurement of the viscosity change is possible. Moreover, if the substance to be analyzed that is contained in the liquid adheres to a reaction film of the piezoelectric resonator, the mass of the piezoelectric resonator changes, and the second half-value frequency is measured. It is thus possible to derive only the influence of the mass effect, since the half-value frequencies are not influenced by the viscosity effect.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator is immersed in a liquid, an AC signal is applied, and a local maximum of the conductance is determined. A frequency change due to the viscosity effect is determined from two frequencies of three frequencies including a resonance frequency that is applied at that local maximum, and first and second half-value frequencies at which a half-value conductance of half that local maximum is given. The influence of the mass effect can be eliminated, so that an accurate measurement of the viscosity change is possible. Moreover, if the substance to be analyzed that is contained in the liquid adheres to a reaction film of the piezoelectric resonator, the mass of the piezoelectric resonator changes, and the second half-value frequency is measured. It is thus possible to derive only the influence of the mass effect, since the half-value frequencies are not influenced by the viscosity effect.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator is immersed in a liquid, an AC signal is applied, and a local maximum of the conductance is determined. A frequency change due to the viscosity effect is determined from two frequencies of three frequencies including a resonance frequency that is applied at that local maximum, and first and second half-value frequencies at which a half-value conductance of half that local maximum is given. The influence of the mass effect can be eliminated, so that an accurate measurement of the viscosity change is possible. Moreover, if the substance to be analyzed that is contained in the liquid adheres to a reaction film of the piezoelectric resonator, the mass of the piezoelectric resonator changes, and the second half-value frequency is measured. It is thus possible to derive only the influence of the mass effect, since the half-value frequencies are not influenced by the viscosity effect.

Abstract: A measuring method using a surface acoustic wave device, with which even in a case where a target substance having a different viscosity is added to a buffer liquid on the surface acoustic wave device it is possible to measure a mass load accurately without suffering an effect of this viscous load, and it is also possible to shorten the time taken for the temperature of the buffer liquid to stabilize and thereby shorten the time taken for the measurement.

Abstract: A measurement method and a biosensor apparatus using a resonator with which it is not necessary to agitate a sample solution in a cell and even if the amount of the sample solution is very small the influence of pressure waves is greatly reduced and extremely easy and accurate measurement is possible. In a method of the kind wherein a sample solution is brought into contact with one side of a resonator having first and second electrodes on opposite sides of a crystal plate and an a.c. signal is applied across the first and second electrodes and a frequency change of the resonator is measured from a relationship between the frequency of the a.c. signal and an electrical characteristic of the resonator, the resonator is made to oscillate at an N-tuple harmonic (N=3, 5, 7 . . . ) as the frequency change is measured.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator is immersed in a liquid, an AC signal is applied, and a local maximum of the conductance is determined. A frequency change due to the viscosity effect is determined from two frequencies of three frequencies including a resonance frequency that is applied at that local maximum, and first and second half-value frequencies at which a half-value conductance of half that local maximum is given. The influence of the mass effect can be eliminated, so that an accurate measurement of the viscosity change is possible. Moreover, if the substance to be analyzed that is contained in the liquid adheres to a reaction film of the piezoelectric resonator, the mass of the piezoelectric resonator changes, and the second half-value frequency is measured. It is thus possible to derive only the influence of the mass effect, since the half-value frequencies are not influenced by the viscosity effect.