Abstract: A method for reading beads comprising the steps of: introducing into a flow path functional beads having a coating layer on the surface thereof and having nanoparticles present in the coating layer; enabling the functional beads to emit light specific to the nanoparticles by applying a voltage to the functional beads in the flow path; and identifying the functional beads based on the emission. A bead-reading apparatus employing the method is also disclosed. Since conventional fluorescent beads are excited with a laser for reading fluorescence, light leakage occurs, so that the influence of noise cannot be ignored. The invention eliminates this drawback.

Abstract: A technique is provided that easily detects biopolymers such as a DNA or a protein by utilizing semiconductor nanoparticles having different excitation wavelengths and fluorescence due to differences in particle size. By binding the semiconductor nanoparticles with avidin (or biotin), detection of biopolymers labeled with biotin (or avidin) is enabled.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting biopolymers (DNA) capable of total analysis including non-reacted samples without complicated operations such as washing. A DNA probe is fixed to one of electrodes and direct current voltage is placed between the electrodes, so that it becomes possible to separate complementary strand sample DNA and non-complementary strand sample DNA. By analyzing from a ratio in the whole reaction system, it is possible to obtain clearer results. Further, by using electrophoresis by gel together, it is possible to separate reacted samples and non-reacted samples to perform measurements therefor in the same reaction field.

Abstract: An ionic polymer that binds to an ionic polymer such as DNA is identified. In order to identify an ionic polymer that is positively charged, for example, another, negatively charged, polymer is immobilized on a substrate or a bead. A positively charged ionic polymer is adsorbed on the substrate or bead. When the surrounding ionic environment is suddenly decreased, the adsorbed complex is stabilized, whereas the structure of the immobilized, non-adsorbed ionic polymer becomes unstable. By providing the immobilized ionic polymer with a marker for differentiating a stable structure from an unstable one, it can be determined on which immobilized ionic polymer the ionic polymer to be identified has been adsorbed.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting biopolymers (DNA) capable of total analysis including non-reacted samples without complicated operations such as washing. A DNA probe is fixed to one of electrodes and direct current voltage is placed between the electrodes, so that it becomes possible to separate complementary strand sample DNA and non-complementary strand sample DNA. By analyzing from a ratio in the whole reaction system, it is possible to obtain clearer results. Further, by using electrophoresis by gel together, it is possible to separate reacted samples and non-reacted samples to perform measurements therefor in the same reaction field.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting biopolymers (DNA) capable of total analysis including non-reacted samples without complicated operations such as washing. A DNA probe is fixed to one of electrodes and direct current voltage is placed between the electrodes, so that it becomes possible to separate complementary strand sample DNA and non-complementary strand sample DNA. By analyzing from a ratio in the whole reaction system, it is possible to obtain clearer results. Further, by using electrophoresis by gel together, it is possible to separate reacted samples and non-reacted samples to perform measurements therefor in the same reaction field.

Abstract: Disclosed are beads, which are chemically stable even at a normal temperature, are stable without being disintegrated even if being exposed to light, can emit a plurality of fluorescence excited by irradiating a light of single wavelength, and can be identified by a flow cytometer. A method for preparing the beads, a flow cytometer and a program for preparing the beads are also disclosed. By dyeing semiconductor nanoparticles as a fluorescent reagent to polystyrene beads, beads are identified. At the same time, semiconductor nanoparticles of a different fluorescence wavelength are also used for detection of reporter, enabling SNP specification of gene, monitoring or finding of the concentration of biopolymer such as a protein. The semiconductor nanoparticles have a feature that the fluorescence wavelength may vary by controlling the particle size and that they have a high durability compared to an ordinary fluorescent reagent since they are a semiconductor.

Abstract: A method for reading beads comprising the steps of: introducing into a flow path functional beads having a coating layer on the surface thereof and having nanoparticles present in the coating layer; enabling the functional beads to emit light specific to the nanoparticles by applying a voltage to the functional beads in the flow path; and identifying the functional beads based on the emission. A bead-reading apparatus employing the method is also disclosed. Since conventional fluorescent beads are excited with a laser for reading fluorescence, light leakage occurs, so that the influence of noise cannot be ignored. The invention eliminates this drawback.

Abstract: Disclosed are beads, which are chemically stable even at a normal temperature, are stable without being disintegrated even if being exposed to light, can emit a plurality of fluorescence excited by irradiating a light of single wavelength, and can be identified by a flow cytometer. A method for preparing the beads, a flow cytometer and a program for preparing the beads are also disclosed. By dyeing semiconductor nanoparticles as a fluorescent reagent to polystyrene beads, beads are identified. At the same time, semiconductor nanoparticles of a different fluorescence wavelength are also used for detection of reporter, enabling SNP specification of gene, monitoring or finding of the concentration of biopolymer such as a protein. The semiconductor nanoparticles have a feature that the fluorescence wavelength may vary by controlling the particle size and that they have a high durability compared to an ordinary fluorescent reagent since they are a semiconductor.

Abstract: An ionic polymer that binds to an ionic polymer such as DNA is identified. In order to identify an ionic polymer that is positively charged, for example, another, negatively charged, polymer is immobilized on a substrate or a bead. A positively charged ionic polymer is adsorbed on the substrate or bead. When the surrounding ionic environment is suddenly decreased, the adsorbed complex is stabilized, whereas the structure of the immobilized, non-adsorbed ionic polymer becomes unstable. By providing the immobilized ionic polymer with a marker for differentiating a stable structure from an unstable one, it can be determined on which immobilized ionic polymer the ionic polymer to be identified has been adsorbed.

Abstract: Hybridization using a deoxyribonucleic acid chip is accelerated while strengthening bonding, and sensitivity and accuracy upon scanning is improved even after washing salts off. A deoxyribonucleic-acid-binding protein is used in a hybridization solution for a deoxyribonucleic acid chip so as to strengthen hybridization signal intensity. In addition, background noises are reduced by use of pure water in a washing process. As a result, a S/N ratio upon the hybridization can be improved.

Abstract: Determination of PCR products amplified by PCR can be readily and surely conducted even if multiple types of primers are used therein. By using a biochip of a glass slide with primers for the PCR implanted thereon, competitive PCR is performed in one tube with the multiple types of primers, and amplified PCR products are detected by use of the primers on the biochip.

Abstract: A technique is provided that easily detects biopolymers such as a DNA or a protein by utilizing semiconductor nanoparticles having different excitation wavelengths and fluorescence due to differences in particle size. By binding the semiconductor nanoparticles with avidin (or biotin), detection of biopolymers labeled with biotin (or avidin) is enabled.

Abstract: The present invention detects and quantities only specific hybridization bindings. A biochip 10 which is spotted with a plurality of probe biopolymers is accommodated in a container 20 into which a washing solution is supplied from a liquid supplying unit 23. A heat block 31 controls the temperature of the biochip according to a predetermined time pattern. A pickup unit 55 picks up an image of the spot surface of the biochip at predetermined pickup intervals. The plurality of images picked up with the pickup unit are stored in a computer 40. By analyzing the images for individual spots, hybridization can be detected with high reliability for every spots without being influenced by optimal hybridization temperatures which differ depending upon the types of probes on the spots.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biopolymer (DNA) detector capable of performing overall analysis including an unreacted sample without needing any complex work such as washing or the like. A DNA probe 66 is fixed to an electrode plate 22, and the electrode plate 22 is displaced by applying a DC voltage between electrode plates 22 and 23. Thus, sample DNA 63 to be detected can be separated. It becomes possible to obtain a clearer result by performing analysis based on a ratio of an entire reaction system.

Abstract: A compact and low-cost fluorescence reading apparatus capable of detecting multiple wavelengths is provided. The apparatus employs a semiconductor nanoparticle (201) as a fluorescent substance so as to enable a plurality of kinds of fluorescent substances to be simultaneously excited by a single excitation light source (220). Alternatively, the plurality of kinds of fluorescent substances are simultaneously excited by the application of a voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biopolymer (DNA) detector capable of performing overall analysis including an unreacted sample without needing any complex work such as washing or the like. A DNA probe 66 is fixed to an electrode plate 22, and the electrode plate 22 is displaced by applying a DC voltage between electrode plates 22 and 23. Thus, sample DNA 63 to be detected can be separated. It becomes possible to obtain a clearer result by performing analysis based on a ratio of an entire reaction system.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for detecting biopolymers (DNA) capable of total analysis including non-reacted samples without complicated operations such as washing.

Abstract: Provided is a technology for increasing types of color separation in accordance with density gradients by refining the mode of setting gradients in the event of two-dimensional or three-dimensional color separation. A conventional color separation is conducted in a manner that dots indicating densities are defined in intersecting points of lines parallel to the X axis and the Y axis, respectively, in the case of two-dimensional color separation. In the case of three-dimensional color separation, dots indicating densities are defined in intersecting points of lines parallel to the XY axis, the YZ axis and the ZX axis, respectively. The present invention does not define the dots in the intersecting points of those parallel lines. Instead, the dots are configured to be shifted.

Abstract: Provided are a spotting pin capable of sequential and uniform spotting and a device for fabricating biochips using the spotting pin. The spotting pin of the present invention capable of sequential spotting includes an internal hollow tube of a tubular shape, an external tube slidable on an outer surface of the internal hollow tube, a piston of which one end is fixed to said external tube and which is made slidable inside the internal hollow tube, a spring disposed inside the external tube for resisting the force to move the external tube toward a direction of a tip of said internal hollow tube, and a stopper provided in a position of a given distance from the tip of the internal hollow tube.