Abstract: Spray coating is performed utilizing a mixture of refractory material and a combustionable metal powder. The size of the particle of the metal in the mixture is selected so that the particle size is large enough to be treated safely and is small enough to be transported by means of a gas flow. As a carrier gas for carrying the mixture, a non-combustionable gas or fuel gas is used. A fuel gas and a combustion-assisting gas are discharged toward the section to be treated on the surface for directing a combustioning frame. The refractor material with the carrier gas is discharged into the frame established by the fuel gas and the combustion-assisting gas. The average size of the metal particle to be used in the spray coating is limited to be greater than 50 .mu.m. By enlarging the particle size of the metal, combustion of the metal particle becomes difficult. Combustion of such large particle size metal can be assisted by discharging the combustion-assisting gas together with the fuel gas.

Abstract: Control method for preventing a breakout or/and a crack of the slab of continuous casting equipment. Heat flux waveforms or heat flux values commensurate to extracted heat values at various positions of a mold are measured by means of thin plate type surface heat flux meters (14, 14x, 14y, 14z) provided at various positions on side shell plate (11, 11c) of the mold (10). When an abnormality or a deviation from a target value is detected, pouring rate is changed, scope of supply, brands and the like of mold powder are controlled, or taper value of short sides of the mold is controlled, so that a breakout or/and a crack of the slab is prevented.

Abstract: A method of repairing a refractory lining of a vessel lined with refractory by flame gunning process, in which a patching material consisting of refractory particles and carbonaceous fuel powder is flame-gunned together with an oxygen containing gas to fuse or semi-fuse the refractory particles in a region surrounded by high-temperature flame and struck against the surface of the refractory lining to produce a deposit layer of the refractory particles, is disclosed. In this method, a patching material having a higher mixing ratio of the fuel powder or only the fuel powder is flame-gunned at an initial stage of the repairing and subsequently patching materials, in which the mixing ratio of the fuel powder is lowered stepwise, are flame-gunned in order with the progress of the repairing, during which a blow rate of the oxygen containing gas is controlled in accordance with the change of the mixing ratio of the fuel powder in the patching material.