Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for uplink (UL) transmissions in wireless systems. The systems, methods and instrumentalities may include a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) with a receiver configured to receive one or more uplink (UL) grants that may include allocations associated with a regular UL (RUL) carrier and a supplementary UL (SUL) carrier. The RUL and SUL carriers may be associated with a common downlink (DL) carrier of a serving cell. The WTRU may include a processor configured to select data from one or more logical channels for transmission in accordance with the allocations. The WTRU may include a transmitter configured to transmit data from one logical channel on the RUL carrier and to transmit data from another logical channel on the SUL carrier in accordance with the allocations.

Abstract: A WTRU may be configured to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) based on RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) transmitted in a cell operating in an unlicensed spectrum. The WTRU may evaluate a radio link failure (RLF) status for the cell using a first RLM criteria based on the RLM-RSs. A transmission instance of the RLM-RSs may be skipped, for example, due to a listen before talk (LBT) failure at a gNodeB (gNB). The WTRU may adapt or change the first RLM criteria and/or evaluate the RLF status of the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum using a second RLM criteria based on determining that the transmission instance of the RLM-RSs was skipped. The first RLM criteria may correspond to a first RLM process that utilizes a first set of RLM parameters. The second RLM criteria may correspond to a second RLM process that utilizes a second set of RLM parameters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving a broadcast configuration indicating when a change in a RAN function termination occurs is provided, for example, by a timer value. The broadcast configuration may be received from a satellite, blimp or other moving transmitter. A dedicated configuration may also be received from the serving cell. The dedicated configuration may include a preamble, a transient configuration and an indication of a layer 2 behavior. If a WTRU detects a change in RAN function termination, the WTRU may suspend any uplink data transmissions, apply the transient configuration and transmit the preamble to a target cell. The WTRU may synchronize with the target cell and apply the layer 2 behavior.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for normalizing Log-Likelihood Ratios for bits of a transport block. For a narrowband channel estimation (NBCE), a normalization factor is selected based on an estimated delay spread, a cyclic prefix, an estimated Doppler spread, a rank, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the transport block, and an input LLRin for the individual bits of the transport block are scaled to respectively form an output LLRout for the individual bits of the transport block using the normalization factor. For a wideband channel estimation, a normalization factor is selected based on the rank/MCS/SNR of the transport block, and the input LLRin for the individual bits of the transport block are scaled to respectively form the output LLRout for the individual bits of the transport block using the normalization factor.

Abstract: A wireless device for determining wireless channel metrics and/or cell quality when accessing wireless resources. For example, the wireless device may use the determined channel metrics and/or cell quality when performing cell selection and/or cell reselection procedures. The wireless device may use the determined channel metrics and/or cell quality to trigger and report cell or frequency measurements in one or more cells neighboring the device's serving cell. The wireless device may use (e.g., further use) the determined channel metrics and/or cell quality to select a beam or sub-band for initial access to a cell. The wireless device may be employed within a wireless communications network that utilizes unlicensed wireless spectrum.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for panel activation and/or deactivation for uplink multi-in multi-out (MIMO) transmission are disclosed. A device, such as a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may have one or more antennal panels. Each panel may have an identifier (ID). Based on reported feedback that includes measurement information, one or more panels may be activated or deactivated. In some embodiments, a gNB may determine whether to activate or deactivate a panel. In other embodiments, a WTRU may determine to activate or deactivate a panel.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for normalizing Log-Likelihood Ratios for bits of a transport block. For a narrowband channel estimation (NBCE), a normalization factor is selected based on an estimated delay spread, a cyclic prefix, an estimated Doppler spread, a rank, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the transport block, and an input LLRin for the individual bits of the transport block are scaled to respectively form an output LLRout for the individual bits of the transport block using the normalization factor. For a wideband channel estimation, a normalization factor is selected based on the rank/MCS/SNR of the transport block, and the input LLRin for the individual bits of the transport block are scaled to respectively form the output LLRout for the individual bits of the transport block using the normalization factor.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for communication by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) associated with a source cell. The WTRU is configured with a conditional reconfiguration which includes a trigger condition and a configured target cell. The WTRU detects an occurrence of an impairment event resulting in impairment to operation of the WTRU in the source cell. If the impairment event satisfies the trigger condition, a reconfiguration is performed with the configured target cell. If the impairment event does not satisfy the trigger condition, a target cell is selected based on a cell selection procedure, and if the WTRU is configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the selected target cell, a reconfiguration is performed with the selected target cell; and if the WTRU is not configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the target cell, a reestablishment is performed with the selected target cell.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for communication by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) associated with a source cell. The WTRU is configured with a conditional reconfiguration which includes a trigger condition and a configured target cell. The WTRU detects an occurrence of an impairment event resulting in impairment to operation of the WTRU in the source cell. If the impairment event satisfies the trigger condition, a reconfiguration is performed with the configured target cell. If the impairment event does not satisfy the trigger condition, a target cell is selected based on a cell selection procedure, and if the is configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the selected target cell, a reconfiguration is performed with the selected target cell; and if the WTRU is not configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the target cell, a reestablishment is performed with the selected target cell.

Abstract: Supplementary uplink (SUL) may be used in wireless systems. Cell suitability criteria may be provided for cells configured with SUL. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may receive paging with an indication of a carrier (e.g., SUL or regular uplink (RUL)) in which to initiate part or all of an initial access. A WTRU that may be performing response-driven paging may provide (e.g. explicit) beam information for beamforming of a paging message on a non-beamformed SUL. A handover (HO) procedure (e.g., carrier selection, configuration handling, HO failure, etc.) may be provided for a WTRU with a configured SUL. A WTRU may request a change of a configured UL. A WTRU may (e.g., autonomously) perform a switch to a different (e.g., configured) uplink, for example, when one or more conditions may be met (e.g., conditional switch). Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resources/configuration may be relocated from a first UL to a second UL.

Abstract: Supplementary uplink (SUL) may be used in wireless systems. Cell suitability criteria may be provided for cells configured with SUL. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may receive paging with an indication of a carrier (e.g., SUL or regular uplink (RUL)) in which to initiate part or all of an initial access. A WTRU that may be performing response-driven paging may provide (e.g. explicit) beam information for beamforming of a paging message on a non-beamformed SUL. A handover (HO) procedure (e.g., carrier selection, configuration handling, HO failure, etc.) may be provided for a WTRU with a configured SUL. A WTRU may request a change of a configured UL. A WTRU may (e.g., autonomously) perform a switch to a different (e.g., configured) uplink, for example, when one or more conditions may be met (e.g., conditional switch). Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resources/configuration may be relocated from a first UL to a second UL.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for panel activation and/or deactivation for uplink multi-in multi-out (MIMO) transmission are disclosed. A device, such as a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may have one or more antennal panels. Each panel may have an identifier (ID). Based on reported feedback that includes measurement information, one or more panels may be activated or deactivated. In some embodiments, a gNB may determine whether to activate or deactivate a panel. In other embodiments, a WTRU may determine to activate or deactivate a panel.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit is disclosed. The method may comprise: obtaining a transmission occasion for a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS); obtaining at least one conditional transmission occasion for the CSI-RS; and determining whether the CSI-RS is transmitted in the transmission occasion, wherein on a condition that the CSI-RS is not transmitted in the transmission occasion, detecting if the CSI-RS is transmitted in one of the at least one conditional transmission occasion.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may communicate with a serving cell and monitor suitable non-serving cell(s) may be monitored. Uplink-based forward mobility may be performed. The WTRU may transmit control signaling that may indicate an ordered list of candidate target cell(s) using resources of the source cell. A resume procedure towards a non-serving cell may be initiated while in connected state with serving cell. Upon a successful resume in non-serving cell, the connection may be disconnected from the serving cell.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may communicate in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) comprising a plurality of satellites. The WTRU may be preconfigured with a plurality of measurement configurations and a corresponding plurality of activation/deactivation criteria associated with the plurality of satellites. The activation/deactivation criteria includes at least activation timing information. The WTRU may activate and deactivate each of the plurality of measurement configurations over time in accordance with the activation/deactivation criteria. The WTRU may perform measurements on cell beams for satellites with active measurement configurations and report results based on the measurements to NTN.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for BWP and SUL operation in wireless systems, especially in systems using a shared spectrum. In one embodiment, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive information related to an upcoming channel occupancy time (COT) and use the received information to determine at least one resource for the operation of the WTRU during the COT. In one embodiment, the WTRU operating in a wireless network may transmit data on a first uplink carrier. It may trigger a switch from the first uplink carrier to a second uplink carrier based on at least one condition of the network and transmit data on the second uplink carrier.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving a broadcast configuration indicating when a change in a RAN function termination occurs is provided, for example, by a timer value. The broadcast configuration may be received from a satellite, blimp or other moving transmitter. A dedicated configuration may also be received from the serving cell. The dedicated configuration may include a preamble, a transient configuration and an indication of a layer 2 behavior. If a WTRU detects a change in RAN function termination, the WTRU may suspend any uplink data transmissions, apply the transient configuration and transmit the preamble to a target cell. The WTRU may synchronize with the target cell and apply the layer 2 behavior.

Abstract: A WTRU may be configured to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) based on RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) transmitted in a cell operating in an unlicensed spectrum. The WTRU may evaluate a radio link failure (RLF) status for the cell using a first RLM criteria based on the RLM-RSs. A transmission instance of the RLM-RSs may be skipped, for example, due to a listen before talk (LBT) failure at a gNodeB (gNB). The WTRU may adapt or change the first RLM criteria and/or evaluate the RLF status of the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum using a second RLM criteria based on determining that the transmission instance of the RLM-RSs was skipped. The first RLM criteria may correspond to a first RLM process that utilizes a first set of RLM parameters. The second RLM criteria may correspond to a second RLM process that utilizes a second set of RLM parameters.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for communication by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) associated with a source cell. The WTRU is configured with a conditional reconfiguration which includes a trigger condition and a configured target cell. The WTRU detects an occurrence of an impairment event resulting in impairment to operation of the WTRU in the source cell. If the impairment event satisfies the trigger condition, a reconfiguration is performed with the configured target cell. If the impairment event does not satisfy the trigger condition, a target cell is selected based on a cell selection procedure, and if the is configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the selected target cell, a reconfiguration is performed with the selected target cell; and if the WTRU is not configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the target cell, a reestablishment is performed with the selected target cell.

Abstract: Supplementary uplink (SUL) may be used in wireless systems. Cell suitability criteria may be provided for cells configured with SUL. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) may receive paging with an indication of a carrier (e.g., SUL or regular uplink (RUL)) in which to initiate part or all of an initial access. A WTRU that may be performing response-driven paging may provide (e.g. explicit) beam information for beamforming of a paging message on a non-beamformed SUL. A handover (HO) procedure (e.g., carrier selection, configuration handling, HO failure, etc.) may be provided for a WTRU with a configured SUL. A WTRU may request a change of a configured UL. A WTRU may (e.g., autonomously) perform a switch to a different (e.g., configured) uplink, for example, when one or more conditions may be met (e.g., conditional switch). Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resources/configuration may be relocated from a first UL to a second UL.