Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for waveform based debugging in a formal verification of an integrated circuit. The method may include receiving, using at least one processor, an electronic circuit design and partitioning a cone of influence for a cover property of the electronic circuit design into design logic and property logic. The method may further include applying an X-value to all inputs associated with the cone of influence and performing an X-simulation until a fixed point is reached. The method may also include identifying a non-X node and providing a path of X-diffusion at a property output.