Abstract: A method of temperature self-calibrating ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is disclosed which includes calibrating at least two ISEs against a reference electrode (RE) in a calibration solution with a predetermined concentration as the temperature of the calibration solution varies according to a known schedule, wherein the calibration of the at least two ISEs includes determining calibration parameters of each of the at least two ISEs with respect to the RE, placing the at least two calibrated ISEs and the RE into a field solution for determining one or more field parameters of the field solution, measuring voltage across a first of the at least two calibrated ISEs and the RE (Vi), measuring voltage across a second of the at least two calibrated ISEs and the RE (Vi+1), determining Vi?Vi+1, and determining the one or more field parameters.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to techniques for a wireless device to detect network bandwidth throttling and dynamically select a buffer threshold. The wireless device may establish a wireless link. Data for a downlink stream may be requested when an amount of buffered data for the stream is below a lower buffer threshold, received via the wireless link, and buffered. Data requests for the stream may be stopped when the amount of buffered data for the stream is above an upper buffer threshold. The upper buffer threshold may be selected based on characteristics of the wireless link and the stream. Throughput of the wireless link may also be monitored during multiple time windows, and the wireless device may determine whether the wireless link caps bandwidth below a bandwidth threshold based on the throughput monitoring.

Abstract: A user equipment (“UE”) connected to a first network that performs methods including receiving a page from the first network indicating an incoming voice call, when it is determined the voice call was not successfully connected, incrementing a value of a counter and when the value satisfies the threshold, switching from the first network to a second network. Another method includes originating a voice call via the first network, when it is determined the voice call was not successfully connected, opening a socket connection with the first network and attempting to re-originate the voice call via the first network. Another method includes determining whether the UE has switched a connection from a first network to a second network and when it is determined that the UE has switched the connection to the second network, initiating an action by the UE.

Abstract: A method for reducing call drops in uplink power limited scenarios is disclosed. The method can include a wireless communication device determining that the wireless communication device is experiencing an uplink power limited condition in which a transmission power of the wireless communication device is limited to a level below a power class level of the wireless communication device. The method can further include defining a downlink power threshold for sending a measurement report for triggering a handover based on the uplink power limited condition. The downlink power threshold can be higher than a threshold configured by a serving base station. The method can additionally include determining based on measured downlink power that the calculated downlink power threshold is satisfied and sending a measurement report for triggering a handover to the serving base station in response to the downlink power threshold being satisfied.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and devices for measuring pH and for amplifying a pH signal to obtain ultrasensitive detection of changes in pH. This is achieved by providing a sensor and a transducer, wherein the sensor transconductance is sensitive to changes in pH and the transducer transconductance is not affected by pH change. The transducer instead compensates for changes in the sensor transconductance arising from pH change. The unique configuration of the sensor and transducer with respect to each other provides substantial increases in a pH amplification factor, thereby providing pH sensing devices with a giant Nernst response and, therefore, effectively increased pH sensitivity.

Abstract: A user equipment (“UE”) connected to a first network that performs methods including receiving a page from the first network indicating an incoming voice call, when it is determined the voice call was not successfully connected, incrementing a value of a counter and when the value satisfies the threshold, switching from the first network to a second network. Another method includes originating a voice call via the first network, when it is determined the voice call was not successfully connected, opening a socket connection with the first network and attempting to re-originate the voice call via the first network.

Abstract: Adaptive out-of-service search behavior by a wireless user equipment (UE) device. The UE may perform cellular communications according to a radio access technology (RAT). It may be determined that cellular service according to the RAT is not available. A search algorithm may be selected from at least two possible search algorithms. A search for cellular service according to the RAT may be performed according to the search algorithm. The various possible search algorithms may specify different ratios of time spent scanning for cellular service to time spent sleeping. The selected search algorithm may be chosen based on any or all of an estimated remaining battery life of the UE, a user activity level, user input, or various other considerations.

Abstract: A method for reducing call drops in uplink power limited scenarios is disclosed. The method can include a wireless communication device determining that the wireless communication device is experiencing an uplink power limited condition in which a transmission power of the wireless communication device is limited to a level below a power class level of the wireless communication device. The method can further include defining a downlink power threshold for sending a measurement report for triggering a handover based on the uplink power limited condition. The downlink power threshold can be higher than a threshold configured by a serving base station. The method can additionally include determining based on measured downlink power that the calculated downlink power threshold is satisfied and sending a measurement report for triggering a handover to the serving base station in response to the downlink power threshold being satisfied.

Abstract: A method for reducing call drops in uplink power limited scenarios is disclosed. The method can include a wireless communication device determining that the wireless communication device is experiencing an uplink power limited condition in which a transmission power of the wireless communication device is limited to a level below a power class level of the wireless communication device. The method can further include defining a downlink power threshold for sending a measurement report for triggering a handover based on the uplink power limited condition. The downlink power threshold can be higher than a threshold configured by a serving base station. The method can additionally include determining based on measured downlink power that the calculated downlink power threshold is satisfied and sending a measurement report for triggering a handover to the serving base station in response to the downlink power threshold being satisfied.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for parameter (e.g., timing) adjustment in a wireless network. In one embodiment, the timing adjustment includes detection and compensation for one or more missed adjustment messages. In one variant, for certain designated events, a client device may ignore a timer expiration, and apply a previously stored timing advance (TA) command. For example, a user equipment (UE) will determine if a TA command has been missed during a measurement gap interval (such as e.g., to perform measurements on an unsynchronized network), and reuse the previous TA command value. Reusing the TA command value introduces negligible error, which can be corrected in existing error correction capabilities (e.g., OFDM cyclic prefixes, etc.).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining an operational state mismatch condition between a user equipment (UE) and a network (NW) in a 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE) network. In one embodiment, the UE can monitor messages from the NW. If the messages are not consistent with a current UE operational state, then a state mismatch is determined. In another embodiment, the UE can monitor a paging channel. If the UE receives a paging message that is not consistent with a current UE operational state, then a state mismatch is determined.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for mitigating data server time-outs in e.g., a hybrid wireless network. In one exemplary embodiment, a client device operating in a hybrid network environment utilizes its knowledge about tune-away periods so as to minimally affect data network operation. For example, during periods of data downlink activity, the client device induces some delay in the acknowledgement packets sent back towards the network prior to entering into a tune away period. These delayed acknowledgement packets result in an increased retransmission time out period value thereby reducing the probability of encountering a data server time-out. Alternative embodiments are also discussed which preoccupy the network apparatus during these tune away periods so as to also mitigate time-outs during these periods. These mitigation algorithms are useful in both downlink and uplink data transmissions. Apparatus for implementing these methodologies are also disclosed.

Abstract: Adaptive out-of-service search behavior by a wireless user equipment (UE) device. The UE may perform cellular communications according to a radio access technology (RAT). It may be determined that cellular service according to the RAT is not available. A search algorithm may be selected from at least two possible search algorithms. A search for cellular service according to the RAT may be performed according to the search algorithm. The various possible search algorithms may specify different ratios of time spent scanning for cellular service to time spent sleeping. The selected search algorithm may be chosen based on any or all of an estimated remaining battery life of the UE, a user activity level, user input, or various other considerations.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and devices for measuring pH and for amplifying a pH signal to obtain ultrasensitive detection of changes in pH. This is achieved by providing a sensor and a transducer, wherein the sensor transconductance is sensitive to changes in pH and the transducer transconductance is not affected by pH change. The transducer instead compensates for changes in the sensor transconductance arising from pH change. The unique configuration of the sensor and transducer with respect to each other provides substantial increases in a pH amplification factor, thereby providing pH sensing devices with a giant Nernst response and, therefore, effectively increased pH sensitivity.

Abstract: A method for reducing call drops in uplink power limited scenarios is disclosed. The method can include a wireless communication device determining that the wireless communication device is experiencing an uplink power limited condition in which a transmission power of the wireless communication device is limited to a level below a power class level of the wireless communication device. The method can further include defining a downlink power threshold for sending a measurement report for triggering a handover based on the uplink power limited condition. The downlink power threshold can be higher than a threshold configured by a serving base station. The method can additionally include determining based on measured downlink power that the calculated downlink power threshold is satisfied and sending a measurement report for triggering a handover to the serving base station in response to the downlink power threshold being satisfied.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for parameter (e.g., timing) adjustment in a wireless network. In one embodiment, the timing adjustment includes detection and compensation for one or more missed adjustment messages. In one variant, for certain designated events, a client device may ignore a timer expiration, and apply a previously stored timing advance (TA) command. For example, a user equipment (UE) will determine if a TA command has been missed during a measurement gap interval (such as e.g., to perform measurements on an unsynchronized network), and reuse the previous TA command value. Reusing the TA command value introduces negligible error, which can be corrected in existing error correction capabilities (e.g., OFDM cyclic prefixes, etc.).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for mitigating data server time-outs in e.g., a hybrid wireless network. In one exemplary embodiment, a client device operating in a hybrid network environment utilizes its knowledge about tune-away periods so as to minimally affect data network operation. For example, during periods of data downlink activity, the client device induces some delay in the acknowledgement packets sent back towards the network prior to entering into a tune away period. These delayed acknowledgement packets result in an increased retransmission time out period value thereby reducing the probability of encountering a data server time-out. Alternative embodiments are also discussed which preoccupy the network apparatus during these tune away periods so as to also mitigate time-outs during these periods. These mitigation algorithms are useful in both downlink and uplink data transmissions. Apparatus for implementing these methodologies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining an operational state mismatch condition between a user equipment (UE) and a network (NW) in a 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE) network. In one embodiment, the UE can monitor messages from the NW. If the messages are not consistent with a current UE operational state, then a state mismatch is determined. In another embodiment, the UE can monitor a paging channel. If the UE receives a paging message that is not consistent with a current UE operational state, then a state mismatch is determined.

Abstract: The invention provides improved sample preparation techniques as will as improved methods of analysis of samples. The techniques include a method of preparing a sample of MALDI-TOF analysis comprising applying a material having a liquid component to a carrier, removing at least a portion of the liquid component, and applying a MALDI matrix over the material to be analysed. In other embodiments, the sample preparation techniques include digestion of peptides prior to analysis by MALDI-TOF, which may be done in the presence of a surfactant, and sandwiching a sample for analysis between layers of MALDI matrix on a sample carrier.