Abstract: A catalyst includes a graphite substrate and a thin film of copper-palladium alloy disposed on the graphite substrate. The copper-palladium alloy conforms to a formula of Cu1-xPdx, where x is about 0.4. The thin film includes conical structures that has a length of 1-20 ?m, and the conical structures having a pine-tree shape has tiers of sheet-like branches. An electrode includes the catalyst and no binder.

Abstract: A catalyst includes an iron nickel vanadium oxide (FeNiVOx) nanocomposite on a nickel foam (NF). The FeNiVOx nanocomposite has an iron (Fe) content ranging from 10 atomic percent (at. %) to 25 at. %, a nickel (Ni) content ranging from 10 at. % to 25 at. %, and a vanadium (V) content ranging from 18 at. % to 32 at. %. The catalyst is formed through aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition depositing Fe, Ni, and V oxides onto the NF. The FeNiVOx nanocomposite forms particles on the NF, the NF having 20 to 60 pores per centimeter (pores/cm) and a porosity from 90 percent (%) to 99%. Furthermore, the catalyst has an electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) greater than or equal to 140 cm2 and the catalyst has a minimum overpotential of less than or equal to 430 mV at 1 amperes per square centimeter (A·cm?2) when used to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst including a first layer, including a porous nickel foam, and a second layer, including an iron-vanadium oxide (FeVOx). The iron-vanadium oxide includes an iron oxide and a vanadium oxide. The iron-vanadium oxide contains 10 to 30 atomic percent (at. %) iron and 15 to 30 at. % vanadium based on the total number of atoms in the iron-vanadium oxide. The second layer includes iron-vanadium oxide particles having the longest dimension of 0.5 to 5 micrometers (?m). The electrocatalyst of the present disclosure may be used in oxygen evolution reactions.

Abstract: An alloy composition includes 40-60 wt. % of a nickel-based superalloy and 40-60 wt. % of a cobalt-based superalloy based on the total weight of the alloy composition. The nickel-based superalloy includes 40-60 wt. % of nickel and 15-25 wt. % of chromium based on the total weight of the nickel-based superalloy. The cobalt-based superalloy includes 50-70 wt. % of cobalt and 25-35 wt. % of chromium based on the total weight of the cobalt-based superalloy. The nickel-based superalloy and the cobalt-based superalloy are homogeneously distributed in the alloy composition. Further, the alloy composition is a spark plasma product of spherical particles having an average particle size of 10 micrometers (?m) to 45 ?m of the nickel-based superalloy and particles having an average particle size of 5-40 ?m of the cobalt-based superalloy. The alloy composition is more corrosion-resistant than a pure nickel-based superalloy and a pure copper-based superalloy.

Abstract: A method of generating oxygen including applying a potential of greater than 0 to 2.0 V to an electrochemical cell, where the electrochemical cell is at least partially submerged in an aqueous solution, and where on applying the potential the aqueous solution is oxidized thereby forming oxygen. The electrochemical cell includes an electrocatalyst; and a counter electrode. The electrocatalyst includes a nickel foam substrate; and a layer of particles of FeNiOx on a surface of the nickel foam substrate, wherein x=3-4. The particles of FeNiOx have a nanorod shape with an average diameter of 100-500 nanometers (nm) and a length longer than 500 nm. The terminal end of the nanorod shape has a cap with a hemispherical shape having a diameter larger than the average diameter of the nanorod shape.

Abstract: A method of making an aluminum-cubic boron nitride (Al-cBN) composite includes mixing an aluminum powder and particles of cubic boron nitride (cBN) in a solvent and sonicating to form an Al-cBN mixture; drying the Al-cBN mixture to form a dried mixture powder; and sintering by pressing and heating the dried mixture powder to form the Al-cBN composite. The aluminum powder has an average particle size of 10 to 100 micrometers (?m). The cBN particles have an average particle size of from 10 to 100 ?m, and are uniformly dispersed throughout the Al-cBN composite.

Abstract: A vanadium oxide-based electrode for electrochemical water splitting that includes metallic substrate and a layer of particles of a vanadium oxide composite at least partially covering a surface of the metallic substrate. The particles of the vanadium oxide composite are in the form of nanobeads having an average particle size of 50 to 400 nm. A method of making the electrode.

Abstract: A vanadium oxide-based electrode for electrochemical water splitting that includes metallic substrate and a layer of particles of a vanadium oxide composite at least partially covering a surface of the metallic substrate. The particles of the vanadium oxide composite are in the form of nanobeads having an average particle size of 50 to 400 nm. A method of making the electrode.

Abstract: A simple, one-step method for producing a homogenous CeO2—TiO2 composite thin film using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”) of a solution containing triacetatocerium (III) and tetra isopropoxytitanium (IV) on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (“FTO”) substrate at a temperature ranging from about 500 to about 650° C. Methods for using the film produced by this method.

Abstract: A simple, one-step method for producing a homogenous CeO2—TiO2 composite thin film using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”) of a solution containing triacetatocerium (III) and tetra isopropoxytitanium (IV) on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (“FTO”) substrate at a temperature ranging from about 500 to about 650° C. Methods for using the film produced by this method.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic material includes an oxynitride glass with a chemical formula Ca7Al14Si17OsN7 and zinc oxide. The zinc oxide is present in an amount of 8 to 16 percent by weight based on the total weight of the glass-ceramic material. The zinc oxide is doped in the oxynitride glass. The glass-ceramic material has one or more conductive channels having a length of 100 to 1000 ?m and a width of 0.5 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst and a method of preparing the electrocatalyst are described. The electrocatalyst includes a porous foam substrate; and a catalytically active layer comprising NiVOx nanostructures, the catalytically active layer being disposed on an exterior surface and an interior pore surface of the porous metal foam substrate; where “x” is in the range of 1 to 3. A method of using the electrocatalyst for water oxidation is also described.

Abstract: An electrode includes a bimetallic ruthenium-cobalt (RuCo) alloy electrocatalyst having a metallic substrate and a layer of a RuCo alloy at least partially covering the surface of the metallic substrate. The layer of the RuCo alloy includes spherical-shaped particles having an average particle size of 0.5 to 5 micrometers (?m). The electrode can be used for electrochemical water splitting applications to generate hydrogen and water.

Abstract: An aerosol-assisted chemical vapor-deposition (AACVD) method of making nickel sulfide (NiS) nanowires. The method includes depositing a nickel carbamate compound onto a conductive support by an AACVD technique to form nickel sulfide (NiS) nanowires on the conductive support, where the nanowires are present directly on a surface of the conductive support. The NiS electrode prepared by the process of the present disclosure showed excellent OER activity in 1.0 M KOH solution, with a low Tafel value (60 mV dec?1) and good OER stability. The NiS nanowires, as prepared, can be used in energy conversion devices such as batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors.

Abstract: A method of depositing a bimetallic alloy coating onto a bare stainless-steel bipolar plate includes preheating the bare stainless-steel bipolar plate to a temperature ranging from 450° C. to 500° C. Further, the method includes depositing copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) onto the bare stainless-steel bipolar plate to form a coated stainless-steel bipolar plate. Furthermore, the method includes cooling the coated stainless-steel bipolar plate after terminating the depositing. The deposition is an aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition of Cu and Ni from a solution containing a mixture of a copper (II) precursor and a nickel (II) precursor for 1 hour (h) to 3 h to form the coated stainless-steel bipolar plate having a coating including a CuNi film having a metal phase including Cu, Ni and CuNi.

Abstract: A method of generating oxygen including applying a potential of greater than 0 to 2.0 V to an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell is at least partially submerged in an aqueous solution, where on applying the potential the aqueous solution is oxidized thereby forming oxygen. The electrochemical cell includes an electrocatalyst; and a counter electrode. The electrocatalyst includes a nickel foam substrate; and a layer of particles of a FeNi alloy on the surface of the nickel foam substrate, where the particles of the FeNi alloy are in the form of nanosheets, where the nanosheets have average width of 1-5 ?m and an average length of 1-10 ?m, and where the nanosheets are vertically aligned to form a flower shape.

Abstract: A method of making an aluminum-cubic boron nitride (Al-cBN) composite includes mixing an aluminum powder and particles of cubic boron nitride (cBN) in a solvent and sonicating to form an Al-cBN mixture; drying the Al-cBN mixture to form a dried mixture powder; and sintering by pressing and heating the dried mixture powder to form the Al-cBN composite. The aluminum powder has an average particle size of 10 to 100 micrometers (?m). The cBN particles have an average particle size of from 10 to 100 ?m, and are uniformly dispersed throughout the Al-cBN composite.

Abstract: A method of generating oxygen including applying a potential of greater than 0 to 2.0 V to an electrochemical cell that is at least partially submerged in an aqueous solution such that on applying the potential the aqueous solution is oxidized thereby forming oxygen. The electrochemical cell includes an electrocatalyst and a counter electrode. The electrocatalyst includes a nickel foam substrate and a layer of particles of manganese oxide having a formula of MnxOy on a surface of the nickel foam substrate, where x is an integer from 1 to 7, and where y is an integer from 1 to 13. The particles of MnO have a spherical shape with an average diameter of 5-15 nanometers (nm) and are aggregated with an average aggregate size of 500-1,000 nm in the shape of a cauliflower.

Abstract: A method of generating oxygen including applying a potential of greater than 0 to 2.0V to an electrochemical cell, where the electrochemical cell is at least partially submerged in an aqueous solution, and where on applying the potential the aqueous solution is oxidized thereby forming oxygen. The electrochemical cell includes an electrocatalyst; and a counter electrode. The electrocatalyst includes a nickel foam substrate; and a layer of particles of FeNiOx on a surface of the nickel foam substrate, wherein x=3-4. The particles of FeNiOx have a nanorod shape with an average diameter of 100-500 nanometers (nm) and a length longer than 500 nm. The terminal end of the nanorod shape has a cap with a hemispherical shape having a diameter larger than the average diameter of the nanorod shape.

Abstract: A rapid method of synthesizing nanoflowers made of nanoflakes of nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) directly on nickel foam (NF) through an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) process is disclosed. The nickel molybdate nanoflowers were grown on NF by varying the deposition time for 60 and 120 min at a fixed temperature of 480° C. and their efficiency was investigated as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in 1 M KOH electrolyte. The NiMoO4 nanoflowers of NF obtained after 60 minutes of AACVD process showed OER performance with lowest overpotential of 320 mV to reach standard current density of 10 mA cm?2. The catalyst continuously performed the OER for 15 h, signifying its prominent stability under electrochemical conditions.