Abstract: Techniques of implementing actions in a wireless network based on machine learning process output include a user equipment (UE) that runs a machine learning process communicating to a network node (gNB) an action to be taken based on an output of the machine learning process.

Abstract: A distributed control system coupled to a hybrid renewable power system including an AC power section, a DC power section, and a primary load. The distributed control system includes current-controlled inverter to control flow of power between the DC power section and the AC power section using a pair of power flow control signals. The current-controlled inverter includes a proportional-integral controller to generate the pair of power flow control signals. The distributed control system includes a discrete frequency controller to perform a load frequency control of the hybrid renewable power system using a pair of load frequency control signals. The load frequency control controls frequency oscillations of the primary load. The discrete frequency controller is a discrete-time fuzzy tuned fractional-order proportional derivative controller that generates pair of load frequency control signals based on primary load frequency, desired load frequency, and rate of change of the primary load frequency.

Abstract: A composition and methods are provided for stimulating a well with nanobubbles. An exemplary method includes obtaining a stimulation fluid and generating a nanobubbles solution, wherein the nanobubbles solution includes nano-sized bubbles in the stimulation fluid. The nanobubbles solution is injected into the oil well.

Abstract: A device and method for managing power transmission to a power grid from a Hybrid Grid Connected System (HGCS) is presented. The HGCS includes a plurality of energy resources, including of solar photovoltaic cells (PV), wind power generation, a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a fuel cell system paired with an electrolyzer. Energy sources are connected by a DC-link to a power electronic converter which supplies power to the power grid. A controller is configured to calculate the total power, maximize transmission of power to the power grid from the primary sources, supply the net power to the power grid from the fuel cell system and use the power generated by the PV system and the wind power system for charging the BESS and powering the electrolyzer system based on the relative state of charge of the BESS and the voltage of the DC-link.

Abstract: This specification discloses an apparatus, method and computer program. The method may comprise identifying one or more straggler devices among a plurality of devices, suspending transmission of an aggregated model to the one or more straggler devices for local model training, and resuming transmission of the aggregated model to at least one of the one or more straggler devices if the at least one straggler device meets one or more resumption criteria at a subsequent time.

Abstract: Detection of a straggler user equipment in federated learning over an air interface is provided. A method for detection of a straggler user equipment in federated learning may include identifying one or more straggler devices among a plurality of user devices and suspending transmission of an aggregated model to the one or more straggler devices for local model training. The method may also include resuming the transmission of the aggregated model to at least one of the one or more straggler devices for the local model training.

Abstract: A device, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for a finite-time sliding mode maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system for a photovoltaic (PV) array includes a PV array configured to generate a current Ipv, a pulse width modulator (PWM) connected to receive the current Ipv and a voltage. The PWM is configured to execute a perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm and generate a maximum power point signal. The maximum power point signal is configured to modulate DC voltage Vdc according to a duty cycle D defined by the P&O algorithm. The MPPT control system includes a finite time sliding mode controller (FTSMC) configured to receive the Ipv and a voltage and generate a reactive power control signal Uq. The FTSMC includes a particle swarm optimization to determine and apply optimum gain parameters to FTSMC to generate reactive power control signal Uq and minimize voltage error signals for each phase.

Abstract: A hybrid controller and method for mitigating frequency disturbances in a multi-area power plant including multiple thermal energy generators and renewable energy sources includes a cascaded fractional model predictive controller (CFMPC), first and second fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controllers (FOPID-1 and FOPID-2) and a sooty terns controller. The CFMPC generates a minimized area central error (ACE) signal based on minimizing a controlled fitness equation, an ACE signal and a load power disturbance signal (?PL). The FOPID-1 generates a frequency disturbance correction signal based on the frequency disturbance value (?fi). A combined frequency correction signal is generated by adding negative values of the minimized ACE signal and the frequency disturbance correction signal. The FOPID-2 receives the combined frequency correction signal and generates a frequency error correction signal.

Abstract: An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a plurality of network nodes, information related to at least one parameter of models of the plurality of network nodes; determine at least one cluster of the plurality of network nodes based on at least one similarity criterion and the information related to the least one parameter of models of the plurality of network nodes; and determine at least one global model for the at least one cluster using local models of network nodes that belong to the at least one cluster.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: receive (500), from a model provider function, a user equipment identifier and a model identifier; generate (502) an access key to allow a user equipment identified by the user equipment identifier to access a model identified by the model identifier; store (504) the user equipment identifier and the model identifier along the access key to allow a user equipment identified by the user equipment identifier to access a model identified by the model identifier; and send (506), to the user equipment, the access key.

Abstract: A device and method for managing power transmission to a power grid from a Hybrid Grid Connected System (HGCS) is presented. The HGCS includes a plurality of energy resources, including of solar photovoltaic cells (PV), wind power generation, a battery energy storage system (BESS) and a fuel cell system paired with an electrolyzer. Energy sources are connected by a DC-link to a power electronic converter which supplies power to the power grid. A controller is configured to calculate the total power, maximize transmission of power to the power grid from the primary sources, supply the net power to the power grid from the fuel cell system and use the power generated by the PV system and the wind power system for charging the BESS and powering the electrolyzer system based on the relative state of charge of the BESS and the voltage of the DC-link.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, devices and computer readable storage medium for device measurement based mobility handling in ambient internet of things. The method including at a first apparatus, the first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a polling signal at least indicating an identifier of the second apparatus and a period of a polling cycle of the polling signal, wherein the first apparatus enables a communication with the second apparatus by backscattering mechanism; the first apparatus determines a query occasion for a backscattering communication; and the first apparatus initiates, according to the identifier of the second apparatus, an attachment procedure to the second apparatus based on at least one of: a signal strength measurement on the polling signal, or the query occasion of the backscattering communication.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: means for receiving configuration from a first node, the configuration relating to collection of training data during a handover of the apparatus from the first node to a second node; means for controlling collection of training data from measurements during the handover based on the configuration; means for informing the second node a state of the collection of the training data from the measurements following a completion of the handover; and means for transferring any collection of the training data from the measurements to the second node following the completion of the handover.

Abstract: A machine-learning (ML) orchestrator entity provides distributed, flexible, and efficient parameter initialization and updating for ML agents can be installed on network nodes operating under similar radio conditions. The ML orchestrator entity instructs each of such network nodes to iteratively run the ML agent in a training mode. Each run yields a local set of parameters for the ML agent. After each run, the ML orchestrator entity collects and uses the local sets of parameters from two or more network nodes to derive a common set of parameters for the network nodes. The ML orchestrator further instructs each of the network nodes to update its own local set of parameters based on the common set of parameters and use the updated local set of parameters in a subsequent run. The ML orchestrator entity repeats these steps until a termination criterion for the training mode is met.

Abstract: A composition and methods are provided for stimulating a well with nanobubbles. An exemplary method includes obtaining a stimulation fluid and generating a nanobubbles solution, wherein the nanobubbles solution includes nano-sized bubbles in the stimulation fluid. The nanobubbles solution is injected into the oil well.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for mode switching schemes for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted backscatter communications. The method may include connecting with a network node for communication, receiving, from the network node, an indication of activation of backscattering, receiving a backscatter signal together with a signal sent by the network node, and demodulating the backscatter signal and the signal sent by the network node, the backscatter signal including backscatter data.

Abstract: A method for sealing a high permeability region in a reservoir is provided. The method includes injecting a gel precursor solution into a high permeability region in a reservoir, injecting a sodium nitrite solution proximate to the high permeability region, and injecting an ammonium chloride solution proximate to the high permeability region. The ammonium chloride solution and the sodium nitrite solution are mixed proximate to the high permeability region. The ammonium chloride solution and the sodium nitrite solution are allowed to react, increasing the temperature of the reservoir proximate to the high permeability region. The gel precursor solution is allowed to react to form a solid gel in the high permeability region.

Abstract: An ambient internet of things, AIoT, device is configured to have more than two different states that are needed for channel coding and modulation with backscattering, such as an increased radio reflection coefficient that is closer to one than in normal backscattering. The AIoT device is configurable to at least an energy harvesting state in which the radio reflection coefficient is as close to zero as possible; a normal operation state in which the radio reflection coefficient higher but clearly below one to allow sufficient energy harvesting for various circuitries, such as processing and volatile memory circuitries; and a range extending state in which the radio reflection coefficient is as close to zero as possible so as to reach maximum range for outgoing data that is backscattered.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and device for communicating with an extended range. The apparatus is a network apparatus communicating with an ambient internet of things device having an energy storage and capability to transmitting data by backscattering a radio transmission. The apparatus detects that the device has failed to transfer data by backscattering and responsively sends to the device a first radio transmission having instructions to decrease a radio reflection coefficient to increase wireless energy harvesting. The device decreases the radio reflection coefficient accordingly. The device detects sufficient wireless charging of its energy storage with the decreased radio reflection coefficient and increases the radio reflection coefficient accordingly.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and device for communicating with an extended range. The apparatus is a network apparatus communicating an ambient internet of things device having an energy storage and capability to transmitting data by backscattering a radio transmission. The apparatus detects that the device has failed to transfer data by the backscattering and responsively sends to the device a first radio transmission having instructions to decrease a radio reflection coefficient to increase wireless energy harvesting. The device decreases the radio reflection coefficient accordingly. The apparatus further sends to the device a second radio transmission having instructions to increase the radio reflection coefficient to decrease wireless energy harvesting. The device increases the radio reflection coefficient accordingly. The apparatus attempts to detect that the device has succeeded to transfer data by the backscattering.