Abstract: An Arabic information extraction apparatus includes one or more processors configured to: receive a query comprising a long query or a short query; extract, using one or more language models, a named entity and a keyword from the query to generate extracted information; classify, using one or more classification models, the query to generate a classified query; convert the classified query and the extracted information into a dense vector representation; and determine and output a similarity match between the dense vector representation and a document vector representation of a knowledge base comprising an Islamic law document.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for identifying similar record elements to a query, the method including receiving a query, determining an index for the query, generating candidate records from a reference list to match the query based on the index and applying any one or any combination of a q-gram filter, a length filter, and a shared character count (SCC) filter, determining similarity scores of each of the candidate records identifying records from among the candidate records having a similarity score greater than or equal to a threshold, selecting data records similar to the query based on sorting the selected records according to respective similarity scores, and outputting one or more of the selected data records.