Abstract: A flexible infrared irradiation and temperature sensor is provided. The sensor includes a substantially cubic deformable rubber substrate and a conductive layer embedded in the rubber substrate, wherein the conductive layer comprises a middle portion comprising a composite film of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc); and one or more exterior portions comprising carbon nanotubes, wherein the one or more exterior portions do not include NiPc.

Abstract: An organic resistor is provided. The organic resistor includes a rubber substrate and a conducting film disposed over the rubber substrate. The conducting film includes a composite of carbon nanotubes and a nickel phthalocyanine complex dispersed in one or more edible oil(s). The present disclosure also relates to a method of making the organic resistor using rubbing-in technology. The organic resistor of the present invention is environmentally friendly and ecologically clean.

Abstract: Flexible and shockproof electrochemical cells for simultaneously detecting infrared and ultraviolet irradiation are provided. The electrochemical sensors comprise a flexible electrolyte comprising an orange dye suspended in a gel.

Abstract: A flexible infrared irradiation and temperature sensor is provided. The sensor includes a substantially cubic deformable rubber substrate and a conductive layer embedded in the rubber substrate, wherein the conductive layer comprises a middle portion comprising a composite film of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc); and one or more exterior portions comprising carbon nanotubes, wherein the one or more exterior portions do not include NiPc.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor is provided wherein the sensor includes a nanocomposite comprising zinc oxide nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and PEDOT:PSS binder polymer, wherein the nanocomposite is deposited as a film on a glassy carbon electrode. The sensor may be included in an electrochemical cell useful for methods of detecting phenylhydrazine in a solution.

Abstract: A deformable differential semiconductor sensor system of pressure and/or compressive displacement is provided. The pressure sensor system includes a deformable and elastic rubber substrate, first and second carbon nanotubes conductive layers, metal free phthalocyanine-carbon nanotubes composite semiconductive layers, first and second terminals on the carbon nanotubes conductive layers and a rubber cover for receiving inputs. The conductive and semiconductive layers of the sensor system are embedded in deformable substrates by using rubbing-in technology.

Abstract: Rubber composites with regions doped with conductive material, e.g., carbon nanotubes, and patterned regions doped with both conductive material and semiconductive material, e.g., carbon nanotubes and polycrystalline silicon are created with rubbing-in technology. The composites provide for a deformable and elastic composite which maintains semiconductor operations under stress, and can be used for filtering, determining compressive force, and a variety of other applications.

Abstract: Rubber composites with regions doped with conductive material, e.g., carbon nanotubes, and patterned regions doped with both conductive material and semiconductive material, e.g., carbon nanotubes and polcrystalline silicon are created with rubbing-in technology. The composites provide for a deformable and elastic composite which maintains semiconductor operations under stress, and can be used for filtering, determining compressive force, and a variety of other applications.

Abstract: A multifunctional pressure, displacement, and temperature gradient sensor employs powders of one or more of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene. These powders are placed in a hollow body which has a fixed electrode on one end and moveable electrode on the other. The powders are compressible, and movements of the moveable electrode sliding within the sensor can be accurately detected. Thermocouples on each electrode permit measuring the gradient of temperature for the calibration of the multifunctional sensor and also for the measurement of resistance, thermoelectric voltage and thermoelectric current of the sensor.

Abstract: A resistance-based humidity sensor including a moisture sensitive composite comprising a cellulose acetate and copper(II) oxide and a first electrode and a second electrode each in direct contact with the composite. Each electrode is connected to a circuit which can correlate a resistance of the composite to a measurement of a relative humidity. The method by which the sensor may measure a relative humidity in an environment includes applying a frequency through the first electrode, across the moisture sensitive composite, and through a second electrode to measure a change in the frequency that correlates to a resistance of the moisture sensitive composite and correlates to the relative humidity of the environment. A method of producing a resistance-based humidity sensor in the form of a film or in the form of a cell.

Abstract: A resistance-based humidity sensor including a moisture sensitive composite comprising a cellulose acetate and copper(II) oxide and a first electrode and a second electrode each in direct contact with the composite. Each electrode is connected to a circuit which can correlate a resistance of the composite to a measurement of a relative humidity. The method by which the sensor may measure a relative humidity in an environment includes applying a frequency through the first electrode, across the moisture sensitive composite, and through a second electrode to measure a change in the frequency that correlates to a resistance of the moisture sensitive composite and correlates to the relative humidity of the environment. A method of producing a resistance-based humidity sensor in the form of a film or in the form of a cell.

Abstract: The method of making thin film humidity sensors uses thermal vapor deposition or drop casting techniques to fabricate nickel phthalocyanine-fullerene-based (NiPc-C60) quick response humidity sensors with negligible hysteresis. Prior to the deposition of aluminum electrodes, a glass substrate is cleaned by using acetone in an ultrasonic bath for 10 minutes. After cleaning, the substrate is washed with de-ionized water and then dried. A gap is created between two electrodes by masking the glass substrate with copper wire. This assembly is plasma-cleaned for 5 minutes in a thermal evaporator. Subsequently aluminum (Al) thin films are deposited on the assembly. Next, a mixture of equal parts NiPc-C60 is deposited onto the gap between the Al electrodes by thermal vapor deposition or by drop casting. A method of forming NiPc-graphene oxide (NiPc-GO) humidity sensors without using instrumentation drop casts an NiPc-GO suspension onto aluminum foil electrodes taped to a substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating and using of flexible elastic photo-thermoelectric or thermoelectric cells is being presented, where the thermoelectric materials have been used in nanohybrid (pristine form). The casing of the cells is made up of flexible elastic materials (plastic, rubber). The casing may have different shapes as rod, semi-circular, wave-form, spiral etc., that makes them easy for practical applications and the thermoelectric cells can potentially provide high efficiency. The flexible thermoelectric cells based on carbon nano-tubes (CNT) and its blend with cobalt oxide/graphene oxide nanohybrid have been made and tested.

Abstract: A method of fabricating and using of flexible elastic photo-thermoelectric or thermoelectric cells is being presented, where the thermoelectric materials have been used in nanohybrid (pristine form). The casing of the cells is made up of flexible elastic materials (plastic, rubber). The casing may have different shapes as rod, semi-circular, wave-form, spiral etc., that makes them easy for practical applications and the thermoelectric cells can potentially provide high efficiency. The flexible thermoelectric cells based on carbon nano-tubes (CNT) and its blend with cobalt oxide/graphene oxide nanohybrid have been made and tested.

Abstract: The method of making thin film humidity sensors uses thermal vapor deposition or drop casting techniques to fabricate nickel phthalocyanine-fullerene-based (NiPc-C60) quick response humidity sensors with negligible hysteresis. Prior to the deposition of aluminum electrodes, a glass substrate is cleaned by using acetone in an ultrasonic bath for 10 minutes. After cleaning, the substrate is washed with de-ionized water and then dried. A gap is created between two electrodes by masking the glass substrate with copper wire. This assembly is plasma-cleaned for 5 minutes in a thermal evaporator. Subsequently aluminum (Al) thin films are deposited on the assembly. Next, a mixture of equal parts NiPc-C60 is deposited onto the gap between the Al electrodes by thermal vapor deposition or by drop casting. A method of forming NiPc-graphene oxide (NiPc-GO) humidity sensors without using instrumentation drop casts an NiPc-GO suspension onto aluminum foil electrodes taped to a substrate.

Abstract: A strain sensor fabrication and its use as flexible elastic heart strain sensors in form of a Wheatstone bridge are described. All arms of the bridge are nanocomposite based strain sensors. The silver selenide nanocomposite is especially developed by simple rubbing in method where the nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Ag2Se nanoparticles are embedded into a porous rubber. This is a low cost easy to make strain sensor that has excellent resistance to humidity and temperature.