Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for mode switching schemes for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted backscatter communications. The method may include connecting with a network node for communication, receiving, from the network node, an indication of activation of backscattering, receiving a backscatter signal together with a signal sent by the network node, and demodulating the backscatter signal and the signal sent by the network node, the backscatter signal including backscatter data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising receiving, from a user equipment, information indicating at least: one or more channel characteristics of one or more received positioning reference signals of a set of frequency hops, and one or more identifiers of one or more missed positioning reference signals of the set of frequency hops; and compensating for the one or more missed positioning reference signals of the set of frequency hops based at least partly on the information.

Abstract: Conditional device-to-device communications for ambient Internet of Things devices is provided. A method for conditional device-to-device communications for ambient Internet of Things devices may include transmitting a first signal to a relay device indicating that a condition has been satisfied, and determining whether a radio link failure with a network entity exists based on whether a second signal is received a specified number of times from the relay device.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for a terminal, the apparatus comprising means configured to perform: receiving a message from a serving cell, wherein the message comprises a configuration for a measurement event and a configuration for a conditional handover, the configuration for the measurement event comprising a leaving condition. The means are further configured to perform, in response to measuring the leaving condition of the measurement event being met, incrementing a counter, and when it is determined that the counter has reached a threshold value, deactivating the received configuration for the conditional handover and providing a measurement report to the serving cell, the measurement report indicating that the leaving condition of the measurement event has been met.

Abstract: A base station selects, in response to a location request for a UE, RIS(s) to use for positioning purposes for the UE. The base station performs a process with the selected RISs to determine information used to configure the UE with RS configuration for using the selected RIS(s) for the positioning purposes. The base station sends the RS configuration to the UE. An RIS receives signals including RSs to be used for positioning purposes for a UE. The RIS time stamps the signals with the RSs and reflects signals including the RSs and corresponding time stamps. A UE receives a reference signal configuration for using RIS(s), receives RSs based on the configuration, and receives signals comprising RSs that have been reflected from the RIS(s). The UE performs timing estimates based on the received signals and sends indication of the timing estimates toward the base station.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment apparatus at least to: receive, from a network device, an instruction to provide backscattering service to at least one ambient IoT device for a service period of time T, the instruction including a configuration for sidelink communication with one or more backup user equipment apparatuses (backup UEs) capable of providing backscattering service to at least one ambient IoT device; and provide, based on the instruction, the backscattering service by transmitting at least one request for tag identification.

Abstract: A user equipment apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment apparatus at least to: receive, from a network device, an instruction to provide backscattering service to at least one ambient IoT device for a service period of time T; provide, based on the instruction, the backscattering service to at least one device; decide to cease providing the backscattering service prior to an end of the service period of time T; and transmit, to the network device prior to the end of the service period of time T, a notification indicating the decision to cease providing the backscattering service.

Abstract: In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium for implementing DRX extensions for energy harvesting (EH) REDCAP UEs, a UE device may be caused to, obtain CDRX configuration from a RAN node, the CDRX configuration including at least a desired EH CDRX energy threshold value and a short CDRX timer threshold value, determine whether a current stored energy capacity equals or exceeds the desired EH CDRX energy threshold value at a start of an ON duration of a CDRX cycle, determine EH CDRX settings based on results of the determining and the plurality of adaptive EH CDRX configuration settings, and transmit at least one EH CDRX message to the RAN node based on the determined EH CDRX settings.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method that includes receiving, by a user equipment, an indication from a network to adjust a discontinuous reception operation; determining, by the user equipment, an adjustment to the discontinuous reception operation, wherein the adjustment is based at least on an arrival rate of traffic received by the user equipment; and applying, by the user equipment, the adjusted discontinuous reception operation to one or more frames carrying the traffic. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: An example operation may include one or more of receiving, by a blockchain node of a permissioned blockchain network, a request to transfer an asset from an asset provider to an asset requester, determining the request is valid, and in response validating one or more of an asset requester and an asset provider associated with the request, determining a risk exposure associated with the request is acceptable and generating a blockchain transaction to a public blockchain network to transfer the asset.

Abstract: When discontinuous reception is used with positioning and reference signals for positioning are received in a plurality of frequency bins, it may be that a frequency bin is missed. That may decrease an accuracy of the positioning. Hence, an apparatus receiving the reference signals, when determining that one or more frequency bins are missed, may use, when one or more conditions are met, earlier values per a missed frequency bin, when estimating at least one characteristic for positioning.

Abstract: An apparatus may be configured to: transmit a request for conditional wake-up signal operation; receive at least one parameter for the conditional wake-up signal operation; receive at least one signal, wherein the at least one signal comprises one of: a wake-up signal, a wake-up indicator, a wake-up signal beacon, or a signal configured to be measured with a wake-up receiver; in response to the receiving of the at least one signal, determine a current energy level; and transmit a conditional wake-up signal operation acknowledgement based, at least partially, on the current energy level. An apparatus may be configured to: receive, from a UE capable of performing energy harvesting, a request for conditional wake-up signal operation; transmit, to the UE, at least one parameter for the conditional wake-up signal operation; transmit at least one signal for the UE; and receive, from the UE, a conditional wake-up signal operation acknowledgement.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving mobile communication network data for a user device; providing the received mobile communication network data to a model for generating a measurement gap setting based on the received data, wherein the measurement gap setting defines measurement gap parameters for use in scheduling radio measurements of neighbouring cells; and returning the generated measurement gap setting.

Abstract: A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in a radio network includes a plurality of passive elements which are controlled by a plurality of active elements distributed among the plurality of passive elements, wherein the plurality of active elements configure the reconfigurable intelligent surface to perform, based on at least one request message, at least one of sensing incident electromagnetic radiation harvested over at least one frequency range by the passive elements; and steering energy of the harvested electromagnetic radiation towards at least one energy harvesting device in the radio network. A network node is configured to select at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface in a radio network; and send at least one request message to the selected reconfigurable intelligent surface to cause the reconfigurable intelligent surface to steer harvested electromagnetic radiation within at least one frequency range toward at least one energy harvesting device in the radio network.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) assisted communication. For example, RIS assisted blockage avoidance for low power internet of things (IoT) devices. An apparatus performs communication with a network device via a RIS, using at least one of a first channel or a second channel, wherein the first channel is for a transmission to the RIS and the second channel is for a reception from the RIS. In this way, it is possible to help reconnecting an IoT device with the network that has lost its connection with a gNB by using an RIS. It is also provided a low-cost and low-power connectivity solution for low-power IoT devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising determining, by a terminal device, an energy status of the terminal device; and engaging, by the terminal device, based at least on the energy status of the terminal device, in a handover procedure associated with a network device for the terminal device.

Abstract: A method of producing green concrete, and particularly to green concrete with Portland cement (C), natural basaltic volcanic ash pozzolan (VA), and microsilica (MS). The green concrete described herein is a high-performance green concrete composition that partially substitutes Portland Cement (C) and can further include fine aggregates (FA) and coarse aggregates (CA), water (W), and a super plasticizer (SP). The green concrete described herein can be cured at ambient temperature and can have a better compressive strength and durability properties, and high shrinkage resistance as compared to conventional concrete and, as such, can be used for high performance applications.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving mobile communication network data for a user device; providing the received mobile communication network data to a model for generating a measurement gap setting based on the received data, wherein the measurement gap setting defines measurement gap parameters for use in scheduling radio measurements of neighbouring cells; and returning the generated measurement gap setting.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for power state transition handling for energy harvesting aware user equipment are provided. For example, a method can include sending, by a user equipment, a message to a network indicating either a power state transition or non-transition. The power state transition can correspond to the user equipment transitioning from a first power state to a second power state based on an available energy of the user equipment. The method can also include receiving, by the user equipment, an information message from the network in accordance with the power state transition.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for power state transition handling for energy harvesting aware user equipment are provided. For example, a method can include monitoring an energy level and power state of a user equipment. The method can also include determining whether the energy level satisfies a power state transition criterion. The method can further include transitioning from a first power state to a second power state based on the power state transition criterion being determined to be satisfied by the energy level of the user equipment.