Abstract: Disclosed are methods and materials for assessing thoracic aortic aneurysm using a combination of protein and microRNA biomarkers. The presence or levels of the biomarkers can be measured in a body fluid, such as plasma and serum, or in cardiac tissue, to predict the presence and severity of TAA in a subject. This can be used to diagnose and monitor TAA, providing early detection of a lethal and silent disease, as well as reduce the frequency of radiological procedures, which are costly and potentially dangerous.