Abstract: A process for thermally cracking carbonaceous substances, such as coal, is described, comprising: rapidly heating the carbonaceous substance to 500.degree. to 950.degree. C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of hydrogen gas at a pressure of 35 to 250 kg/cm.sup.2 (gauge pressure) in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of halides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, and oxides of Group VIII metal elements of the Periodic Table. The process increases the cracking of the carbonaceous substances and accelerates the conversion of the carbonaceous substances into gas and liquid products, greatly increasing the yields of the gasoline fraction and light oils.

Abstract: A process for liquefying and gasifying coal by thermal treatment in the presence of hydrogen gas for hydrocracking is disclosed. The process comprises a sequence of the following two steps:(1) coal fines are injected into a heated hydrogen gas stream at a pressure of from 35 to 250 kg/cm G such that they are rapidly heated to a temperature of from 750.degree. to 1100.degree. C. for thermal cracking thereof; and(2) the resulting liquid product is subjected to hydrocracking for a period of from 1.0 to 60 seconds at a temperature that is lower than the temperature used in the first step and which is in the range of from 570.degree. to 850.degree. C.

Abstract: A novel dry image forming material comprising in one or more layers on a support (a) a non-photosensitive organic silver salt oxidizing agent, (b) a reducing agent for silver ions, (c) a silver halide component or a silver halide-forming component, (d) a toning agent and (e) a lipophilic binder, characterized by the inclusion of a specific 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole compound having bulky tert-butyl or tert-amyl groups at its ortho- and para-positions relative to the hydroxyl group in a layer containing the component (a). The dry image forming material of the present invention has high storage stability prior to use for image formation.

Abstract: An organic polar solvent-soluble aromatic polyamide-imide having therein aromatic nuclei linked at their respective 1 - and 3 -positions and having therein amide linkages and terminal groups partially substituted with cinnamate groups is found to impart excellent heat resistance and insulating property to a photoresist composition produced therefrom.

Abstract: An aluminum-halogen cell comprising aluminum as an anode active material and a halogen compound as a cathode active material characterized in that the layer containing the cathode active material further comprises at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of magnesium halides, zinc halides, organic carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, aluminum or more basic metallic salts of perhaloid acids and quaternary ammonium salts shows only slight lowering in output voltage at initial discharge when continuously discharged under a load and can give high discharge output for a remarkably long period of time.

Abstract: A thin metal-halogen cell which comprises an electroconductive substrate, an anode active material layer of thin metal film formed on the base plate, a solid electrolyte layer formed on the anode active material, a cathode active material layer comprising a halogen, adhesive and carbonaceous powder, and an electroconductive plastic film, the latter two being laminated on the solid electrolyte layer in this order can be produced by using a step of forming thin films such as vacuum evaporation coating or sputtering and a step of laminating by using an adhesive. Thus, ultra-thin cells having high power and a thickness of 1 mm or less can be produced easily and inexpensively. When a separator and a barrier layer are sandwiched between the cathode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer, shelf life of the cell is improved remarkably.

Abstract: An organic polar solvent-soluble aromatic polyamide-imide having therein aromatic nuclei linked at their respective 1- and 3- positions and having therein amide linkages and terminal groups partially substituted with cinnamate groups is found to impart excellent heat resistance and insulating property to a photoresist composition produced therefrom.