Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor which are controlled to make measurements at specified time intervals. The measured values are used in solving the equation of heat conduction to estimate the temperature of an internal body position. A heater may be included to preheat a body part in order to reduce the time required for measurement. The probe may use two temperature sensors to measure temperatures at two body surface positions through insulating members which are different in thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a variable-temperature heater and one or more temperature sensors and may also include a heat flux sensor. Physical variables such as temperature, time rate of change in temperature and/or heat flow rate are directly measured at positions on the surface of a patient while being heated by the heater through a thermally insulating member. Such measured values are used to solve a heat transfer equation rewritten as lower-order equations. Measurements may be controlled to be taken at a desired timing such as at specified intervals. The probe for contacting the patient's body may be planar or in an elongated bar-shape.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has one of two temperature measuring devices each for measuring a live body temperature. A temperature estimating device estimates an equilibrium body temperature from a first data item related to change in temperature measured by the temperature measuring device during an initial period within a specified time such as about 20 seconds from the start of a measurement and a second data item related to change in temperature measured by the temperature measuring device after the initial period. If two temperature measuring devices are used, the first data item may related to the difference between temperatures measured by these two temperature measuring devices and the second data item may related to the time-rate of change in temperature measured by either of the two temperature measuring devices.

Abstract: A measuring unit is placed at the surface of a living body. The pressure inside of a glass container is reduced by a pressure reducing tank, so that a subcutaneous exuding fluid is taken out at the surface of the living body from under a skin. The subcutaneous exuding fluid is allowed as a sample to be measured to reach a metallic film through porous molecular weight selective films. A light beam emitted from a light source passes through a prism, and then, is reflected on the metallic film, and finally, is received on a linear array sensor. A minimum intensity position on the linear array sensor, generated by surface plasmon resonance is obtained, and then, a resonant angle is detected. The concentration of substance to be measured contained in the sample to be measured is calculated based on the resonant angle and position.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a variable-temperature heater and one or more temperature sensors and may also include a heat flux sensor. Physical variables such as temperature, time rate of change in temperature and/or heat flow rate are directly measured at positions on the surface of a patient while being heated by the heater through a thermally insulating member. Such measured values are used to solve a heat transfer equation rewritten as lower-order equations. Measurements may be controlled to be taken at a desired timing such as at specified intervals. The probe for contacting the patient's body may be planar or in an elongated bar-shape.

Abstract: An electronic clinical thermometer has a probe including a temperature sensor and a heat flux sensor which are controlled to make measurements at specified time intervals. The measured values are used in solving the equation of heat conduction to estimate the temperature of an internal body position. A heater may be included to preheat a body part in order to reduce the time required for measurement. The probe may use two temperature sensors to measure temperatures at two body surface positions through insulating members which are different in thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The invention provides a blood sugar measuring device to measure blood sugar either non-invasively or with only slight invasiveness which is capable of better measurement accuracy. The device receives as input measured data related to blood sugar level such as patient mealtime and how much food he had, or if he had an insulin injection and adjusts the measured blood sugar value based on the data which are previously input based on the above measured data. The device also may include a retry indicator which retries the measurement (or directs the user to retry the measurement) if the measurement result is out of a proper or predetermined range.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of quantitating reticulocytes with high sensitivity and high accuracy at low cost employing a fluorescent dye suitable for the staining of reticulocytes. A blood sample stained with a fluorescent dye composition containing TOTO-3, TO-PRO-3, POPO-3, PO-PRO-3, YOYO-1, YO-PRO-1, YOYO-3 or YO-PRO-3 as the fluorescent dye is exposed to light in the red-wave length region in the case of TOTO-3 or TO-PRO-3, light in the green region for POPO-3 or PO-PRO-3, light in the blue region for YOYO-1 or YO-PRO-1, or light in the orange region for YOYO-3 or YO-PRO-3 and the resultant fluorescent emission from the blood sample is measured to enumerate reticulocytes.

Abstract: A laser printer includes a semiconductor laser for generating a laser beam which is modulated according to information, a rotating polygon mirror for scanning the laser beam generated by the semiconductor laser, and an f.theta. lens system for imaging, onto a photosensitive drum, the laser beam scanned by the rotating polygon mirror. The f.theta. lens system has first and second lenses arranged, in this order, next to the rotating polygon mirror and on the optical path through which the laser beam is introduced from the rotating polygon mirror to the photosensitive drum. Each of the first and second lenses has light-entering and -emerging faces which are formed in a non-spherical shape.

Abstract: A recording apparatus such as a laser printer includes a housing in which are arranged units such as a photosensitive drum and an exposure unit. An opening is formed in a bottom portion of the housing. The exposure unit scans the pre-charged photosensitive drum with a laser beam to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum. Pins are located in the housing. Grooves are formed in the exposure unit so as to be fitted onto the pins. The exposure unit is provided in the housing, and can be detached from the housing moved through the opening, with the pins fitted in the grooves. As a result, the exposure unit can be attached to and detached from the housing without other units having to be detached beforehand.