Abstract: A toaster according to the disclosure includes a light receiving unit configured to receive reflected light from bread being cooked and a surface condition determination unit configured to determine a surface condition of the bread being cooked on the basis of intensity of the reflected light received by the light receiving unit.

Abstract: A heating cooking apparatus includes a heating chamber, a first detection unit, and a first interposed member. The heating chamber accommodates an object to be heated. The first detection unit is spaced apart from the heating chamber and detects sound in the heating chamber. The first interposed member is interposed between the heating chamber and the first detection unit and extends from the first detection unit toward the heating chamber. The first interposed member includes a through hole that passes the sound.

Abstract: A heating cooking apparatus includes a heating chamber, a housing, a communicating portion, and a sound detection unit. The heating chamber accommodates an object to be heated. The housing is configured to accommodate the heating chamber. The communicating portion is disposed between the heating chamber and the housing, and communicates an interior of the heating chamber and an exterior of the housing. The sound detection unit is disposed in the communicating portion, and detects sound.

Abstract: A toaster according to the disclosure includes a light receiving unit configured to receive reflected light from bread being cooked and a surface condition determination unit configured to determine a surface condition of the bread being cooked on the basis of intensity of the reflected light received by the light receiving unit.

Abstract: A hologram element is composed of a hologram element body shaped as a right prism having two rhombus-shaped bottom surfaces. A hologram is disposed on one bottom surface of the hologram element body, the hologram being divided by a division line into a plurality of regions having different grating periods. A grating is disposed on another bottom surface of the hologram element body. A first diagonal line of the bottom surface is longer than a second diagonal line thereof. A center of the hologram is located at a point of intersection of the first diagonal line and the second diagonal line. The division line lies in the first diagonal line. Light which enters through the one bottom surface having the hologram illuminates a plane which is perpendicular to the one bottom surface and includes the division line.

Abstract: A submount of the present invention includes substrates made of a principal material of Si and impurity diffusion layers formed by diffusing an impurity into a region of a substrate surface above which a semiconductor laser chip is to be mounted. A TiW layer, an Au layer, a Pt layer and an AuSn layer are successively layered on the impurity diffusion layer. The thickness of the Pt layer is set so that the Pt layer remains in fusing the AuSn layer for bonding the semiconductor laser chip in accordance with the thickness of an Au electrode layer provided on the lower surface of the semiconductor laser chip, the thickness of the Au layer and the thickness and the composition ratio of the AuSn layer.

Abstract: Provided in a photomask for use in production of a hologram element having desired optical characteristics, a method for producing a hologram element, and a hologram element having desired optical characteristics. The first photomask is used for photolithography-based production of a hologram element having a hologram divided into two regions carrying a diffraction grating. The first photomask includes the first, second mask region having the non-light-transmitting mask portion and the light-transmitting portion, for forming the diffraction gratings of the regions of the hologram. The two mask regions differ in alignment-direction-wise arrangement interval for the light-transmitting portions and in ratio of the alignment-direction-wise width to the alignment-direction-wise arrangement interval for the light-transmitting portions.

Abstract: Provided in a photomask for use in production of a hologram element having desired optical characteristics, a method for producing a hologram element, and a hologram element having desired optical characteristics. The first photomask is used for photolithography-based production of a hologram element having a hologram divided into two regions carrying a diffraction grating. The first photomask includes the first, second mask region having the non-light-transmitting mask portion and the light-transmitting portion, for forming the diffraction gratings of the regions of the hologram. The two mask regions differ in alignment-direction-wise arrangement interval for the light-transmitting portions and in ratio of the alignment-direction-wise width to the alignment-direction-wise arrangement interval for the light-transmitting portions.